In-Situ Observation of Crystallization and Growth in High-Temperature Melts Using the Confocal Laser Microscope

Sohn, Il; Dippenaar, Rian J

doi:10.1007/s11663-016-0675-0

Cited by 55 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The current methods for studying the crystallization properties of mold slag mainly include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the single and double hot thermocouple technique (SHTT/DHTT), and confocal scanning laser microscopy with an infrared furnace (CSLM‐IF) . DSC has good temperature accuracy,but its heating and cooling rates are slow, which limits its applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSLM‐IF has high heating and cooling rates and good temperature accuracy, but it uses a small field of view, and only partial crystallization in the crucible can be observed. However, many researchers have focused the field of view of CSLM at the crucible center, and the temperature at the moment that the growing crystal phase entered the field of view was defined as initial crystallization temperature. On the one hand, the crystalline volume fraction in the whole crucible when the growing crystal phase enters the field of view is not fixed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ observation of crystallization of mold slag using a digital optical microscope in an infrared furnace

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2018

J Am Ceram Soc

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The complete crystallization process of mold slag in the crucible (inner diameter: 6.2 mm) was successfully recorded in situ using a digital optical microscope and image processing software in an infrared furnace (IR-MOP). The crystallization behavior of non-volatile mold slag tested with the new method is consistent with the findings of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Although the volatilization ratios of volatile mold slag during both DSC and SHTT experiments are greater than 8%, it is less than 1.2% during IR-MOP experiments equipped with an isolated observation system, which explains why the difference in the initial crystallization temperature measured by the three methods was very large.Therefore, IR-MOP equipped with an isolated observation system can record and accurately measure the crystallization behavior of volatile mold slag. K E Y W O R D Scrystal morphology, crystallization process, digital optical microscope, volatilization

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ observation of crystallization of mold slag using a digital optical microscope in an infrared furnace

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2018

J Am Ceram Soc

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“…8) The Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CLSM) has recently provided a convenient possibility of making an "insitu" observation of the phase transformation on the surface of samples at high temperatures. Since the 1990's, Yin,9,10) Kimura, 11) Phelan, 12,13) Liu, 14) Chen, 15) and other researchers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] have applied the CLSM to make in situ observations of the phase transformation of steels or alloys at special heating or cooling rates. For example, Yin 10) found that the incoherent δ/γ interphase boundaries (abbreviated as IBs hereafter) were always unstable with finger-like morphology during δ→γ transformation, which developed along δ/δ grain boundaries (abbreviated as GBs hereafter) at low supercoolings and even into the δ-ferrite matrix at higher supercoolings for the transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ Observation of δ↔γ Phase Transformations in Duplex Stainless Steel Containing Different Nitrogen Contents

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2017

ISIJ International

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The characteristics of the γ ↔δ phase transformations were observed on the surface of duplex stainless steels with different nitrogen concentrations by the Ultra High Temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (UHT-CSLM). The effects of the nitrogen content on the phase transformations are discussed based on the experimental results and thermodynamic calculations. It is found that the migration of the δ/γ IB is the main form of the phase transformation and leads to the continuous decline and final disappearance of the retained γ-phase during the γ→δ phase transformation in the high nitrogen steel (N1) and low nitrogen steel (N2). During the δ→γ phase transformation, the γ -cells prefer to precipitate along the δ/δ GBs and develop into the δ -ferrite matrix with finger-like or sword-like patterns. Then the γ-cells also nucleate in the δ -grains with a sword-like pattern and the growing speed in the longitudinal direction is much faster than that in the lateral direction. More importantly, the high nitrogen content can hinder the migration of δ/γ IBs during the γ→δ transformation and also promote the nucleation and growth of γ -phase during the δ→γ transformation by increasing both the starting and finishing temperatures of the phase transformation. Interestingly, the original δ/δ GB which is covered by the precipitation of γ -phase during the δ→γ transformation will reappear first at the same position by the moving of δ/γ IBs during the γ→δ transformation, but it is unstable and migrates fast with further heating.

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“…Examinations of steel phase transformations conducted at a high temperature range allow us to determine the characteristic temperatures -the solidus and the liquidus, which are both important for planning the continuous casting process technology [4][5][6]. Numerical simulation of metallurgical processes, at which the crucial physical phenomena like solidification extends in high temperature region, requires reliable information about latent heat of phase transformations and temperature dependence of the specific heat [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Temperatures of Phase Transformations of Low-Alloyed Reinforcing Steel within the Heat Treatment Temperature Range

Kargul

2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The paper presents the results of DSC analysis of steel B500SP produced in the process of continuous casting, which is intended for the production reinforcement rods with high ductility. Studies were carried out in the temperature range below 1000°C in a protective atmosphere of helium during samples heating program. The main objective of the study was to determine the temperature range of austenite structure formation during heating. As a result of performed experiments: Ac 1s , Ac 1f -temperatures of the beginning and finish of the eutectoid transformation, Ac 2 -Curie temperature of the ferrite magnetic transformation and the temperature Ac 3 of transformation of proeutectoid ferrite into austenite were elaborated. Experimental determination of phase transformations temperatures of steel B500SP has great importance for production technology of reinforcement rods, because good mechanical properties of rods are formed by the special thermal treatment in Tempcore process.

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In-Situ Observation of Crystallization and Growth in High-Temperature Melts Using the Confocal Laser Microscope

Cited by 55 publications

References 66 publications

In situ observation of crystallization of mold slag using a digital optical microscope in an infrared furnace

In situ observation of crystallization of mold slag using a digital optical microscope in an infrared furnace

<i>In-situ</i> Observation of <i>δ</i>↔<i>γ</i> Phase Transformations in Duplex Stainless Steel Containing Different Nitrogen Contents

Investigations of Temperatures of Phase Transformations of Low-Alloyed Reinforcing Steel within the Heat Treatment Temperature Range

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