In situ neutron imaging technique for evaluation of water management systems in operating PEM fuel cells

Satija, R; Jacobson, David L.; Arif, Muhammad; Werner, S. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.068

Cited by 450 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This exposure time is well within the range typically used for neutron imaging on PEFCs (typically between 1 and 25 s [45,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]82]). Since the current study investigates steady-state operation, the 12 s temporal resolution is sufficient.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This technique is based on attenuation of a neutron by hydrogencontaining compounds such as water, and transparency to neutrons of most fuel cell construction materials (aluminium, stainless steel). Neutron imaging can identify water in the in-plane orientation (with the membrane place parallel to the beam) and through-plane orientation (with the membrane plane perpendicular to the beam), enabling in the first case to differentiate the water content from the cathode and the anode [48][49][50] and in the second case the effect of different designs, components, and operating conditions [45,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Neutron imaging has been combined with other modelling and experimental techniques, such as current mapping [66], CFD models validation [32,51,65], optical imaging [47], neutron scattering [61] and localised EIS [45].…”

Section: Liquid Water Mapping In Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hydro-electro-thermal Performance of Air-cooled, Open-cathode Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Combined Localised Current Density, Temperature and Water Mapping

Meyer

Ashton

Jervis

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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In situ diagnostic techniques provide a means of understanding the internal workings of fuel cells so that improved designs and operating regimes can be identified. Here, a novel metrology approach is reported that combines current and temperature mapping with water visualisation using neutron radiography.The approach enables a hydro-electro-thermal performance map to be generated that is applied to an air-cooled, open-cathode polymer electrolyte fuel cell. This type of fuel cell exhibits a particularly interesting coupled relationship between water, current and heat, as the air supply has the due role of cooling the stack as well as providing the cathode reactant feed via a single source. It is found that water predominantly accumulates under the cooling channels (thickness of 70-100 µm under the cooling channels and 5-25 µm in the active channels at 0.5 A cm KeywordsAir-cooled open-cathode polymer electrolyte fuel cell; water mapping; neutron imaging; temperature mapping; current mapping.

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mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Liquid Water Mapping In Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydro-electro-thermal Performance of Air-cooled, Open-cathode Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Combined Localised Current Density, Temperature and Water Mapping

Meyer

Ashton

Jervis

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Image masking involves keeping only image data from a specific depth and for a PEFC system has a resolution of 100 μm, although that should be decreasing with more advanced detectors. 16 Transient results indicate the importance of incorporating temperature effects in order to understand how the water distribution reaches steady state. For example, Hickner et al 15 found that the cell achieved steady state about 100 to 200 seconds after the current load underwent a step increase from 0 to 1000 mA for their particular set-up.…”

Section: In-situ Visualization Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Weber

Balliet

Gunterman

et al. 2008

Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

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“…Recent development efforts have led to the production of PEFC models with built-in water management systems to manage water and humidity in the fuel cell. However, the issue with water generated during operation of the fuel cell prevails, eventually leading to unwanted flooding [38] Although the water production within the fuel cell during operation is unavoidable because it is a by-product of the hydrogen fuel reaction during the conversion to electrical energy, it exists and remains in the liquid state as a result of the low operating temperature of the PEFC [39]. Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of the process of water production within the PEFC.…”

Section: Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations on PEFC Performance

Chen¹,

Enearu²,

Montalvão³

et al. 2016

J Appl Mech Eng

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Among the number of fuel cells in existence, the proton exchange fuel cell (PEFC) has been favoured because of its numerous applications. These applications range from small power generation in cell phones, to stationary power plants or vehicular applications. However, the principle of operation on PEFCs naturally leads to the development of water from the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has played an important role in many research and development projects. From automotive to aerospace and even medicine, to the development of fuel cells, by making it possible to investigate different scenarios and fluid flow patterns for optimal performance. CFD allows for in-situ analysis of PEFCs, by studying fluid flow and heat and mass transfer phenomena, thus reducing the need for expensive prototypes and cutting down test-time by a substantial amount. This paper aims at investigating the advances made in the use of CFD as a technique for the performance and optimisation of PEFCs to identify the research and development opportunities in the field, such as the performance of a novel PEFC, with focus on the underlying physics and in-situ analysis of the operations.

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In situ neutron imaging technique for evaluation of water management systems in operating PEM fuel cells

Cited by 450 publications

References 4 publications

The Hydro-electro-thermal Performance of Air-cooled, Open-cathode Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Combined Localised Current Density, Temperature and Water Mapping

The Hydro-electro-thermal Performance of Air-cooled, Open-cathode Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Combined Localised Current Density, Temperature and Water Mapping

Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

A Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations on PEFC Performance

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