In-situ Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Crystal Plasticity of Retained Austenite in Bearing Steel

Bedekar, Vikram; Voothaluru, Rohit; Xie, Qingge; Stoica, Alexandru Dan; Hyde, R. Scott; An, Ke

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.968

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, it is believed that the matrix microstructure might be playing an important role in the stability and transformation of the retained austenite. As reported in a recent work by Bedekar et al [32], preferential transformation along austenite {200} planes was observed with a consequent increase in the martensite {211} planes. This could be due to the crystal symmetry rules, as reported by Drahokoupil et al [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

In-situ neutron diffraction and crystal plasticity finite element modeling to study the kinematic stability of retained austenite in bearing steels

Voothaluru

Bedekar

Xie

et al. 2018

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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This work integrates in-situ neutron diffraction and crystal plasticity finite element modeling to study the kinematic stability of retained austenite in high carbon bearing steels. The presence of a kinematically metastable retained austenite in bearing steels can significantly affect the macro-mechanical and micro-mechanical material response. Mechanical characterization of metastable austenite is a critical component in accurately capturing the micro-mechanical behavior under typical application loads. Traditional mechanical characterization techniques are unable to discretely quantify the micro-mechanical response of the austenite , and as a result, the computational predictions rely heavily on trial and error or qualitative descriptions of the austenite phase. In order to overcome this, in the present work, we use in-situ neutron diffraction of a uniaxial tension test of an A485 Grade 1 bearing steel specimen. The mechanical response determined from the neutron diffraction analysis was incorporated into a hybrid crystal plasticity finite element model that accounts for the martensite's crystal plasticity and the stress-assisted transformation from austenite to martensite in bearing steels. The modeling response was used to estimate the single crystal elastic constants of the austenite and martensite phases. The resultsshow that using in-situ neutron diffraction, coupled with a crystal plasticity model, can successfully predict both the micro-mechanical and macro-mechanical responses of bearing steels while accounting for the martensitic transformation of the retained austenite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

In-situ neutron diffraction and crystal plasticity finite element modeling to study the kinematic stability of retained austenite in bearing steels

Voothaluru

Bedekar

Xie

et al. 2018

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…Recent studies on through-hardened bearing steels using X-ray synchrotron [21] and neutron diffraction [23,24,26,27] have shown considerable promise for understanding the behavior of retained austenite in a quantitative and discrete manner. With the advances afforded by the use of neutron diffraction, real-time and continuous studies can be performed in a precise and accurate manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Difference in Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Bainitic and Martensitic High-Carbon Bearing Steels using in situ Neutron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Modeling

Voothaluru

Bedekar

et al. 2019

Metals

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In situ neutron diffraction of the uniaxial tension test was used to study the effect of the surrounding matrix microstructure on the mechanical stability of retained austenite in highcarbon bearing steels. Comparing the samples with bainitic microstructures to those with martensitic ones it was found that the retained austenite in a bainitic matrix starts transforming into martensite at a lower strain compared to that within a martensitic matrix. On the other hand, the rate of transformation of the austenite was found to be higher within a martensitic microstructure. Crystal plasticity modeling was used to analyze the transformation phenomenon in these two microstructures and determine the effect of surrounding microstructure on elastic, plastic and transformation components of the strain. The results showed that the predominant difference in the deformation accumulated was from the transformation strain and the critical transformation driving force within the two microstructures. The retained austenite was more stable for identical loading conditions in case of martensitic matrix compared to the bainitic one.It was also observed that the initial volume fraction of retained austenite within the bainitic matrix would alter the onset of transformation to martensite but not the rate of transformation.

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“…Deformation-induced martensitic transformation in austenite grains also depends on the grain orientation with respect to the loading direction [8,43,44]. The transformation is governed by the critical resolved shear stress induced by the applied tensile load along the preferred slip systems.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Retained Austenite Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis demonstrated several aspects of deformation-induced martensite transformation that requires consideration before application of any model. First, the transformation is influenced by the interaction between factors influencing austenite stability such as chemical composition [8,89,91,92], grain size [8], grain orientation [44,93,94] and load partitioning with neighbouring phases [42,89,95]. These effects should be accounted in models.…”

Section: Modelling Deformation-induced Martensite Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the stability and transformation kinetics of retained austenite in steels

Wong

2022

Materials Science and Technology

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The stability of retained austenite refers to its resistance to transform into martensite. While most models describe the thermal and mechanical influence on retained austenite stability and transformation kinetics separately, few have considered explaining both aspects in a unified model. Here, we review the factors governing austenite stability and transformation kinetics, together with models which predict these properties. By assessing the predictive capabilities of models using experimental data, several parameters have been identified as crucial in describing transformation behaviour. We anticipate that this review will stimulate further research in developing physics-based models that could improve the understanding of austenite stability and transformation.

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In-situ Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Crystal Plasticity of Retained Austenite in Bearing Steel

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

In-situ neutron diffraction and crystal plasticity finite element modeling to study the kinematic stability of retained austenite in bearing steels

In-situ neutron diffraction and crystal plasticity finite element modeling to study the kinematic stability of retained austenite in bearing steels

Investigating the Difference in Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Bainitic and Martensitic High-Carbon Bearing Steels using in situ Neutron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Modeling

Modelling the stability and transformation kinetics of retained austenite in steels

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