In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode

Liu, Qiunan; Yang, Tingting; Du, Congcong; Tang, Yongfu; Sun, Yong; Jia, Peng; Chen, Jingzhao; Ye, Hongjun; Shen, Tongde; Peng, Qiuming; Zhang, Liqiang; Huang, Jianyu

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00894

Cited by 46 publications

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“…Similar to Luo et al's work on Li–O 2 batteries, Kwak et al uncovered the reaction mechanism of single carbon nanotube Na–O 2 batteries using ETEM . Liu et al also reported the ORR of a CuO nanowire cathode in solid‐state Na–O 2 batteries probed by in situ TEM within an environmental chamber …”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 71%

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Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

et al. 2019

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replacing gasoline, diesel, or other types of fuels with electricity, it is expected that our world will become more environmentally friendly by storing energy directly from sustainable sources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, bioenergy, and the ocean. Even Australia, as a country with abundant energy resources, has identified energy as one of the key scientific research priorities. It is clear that the efficiency of energy harvesting and consumption must be improved, emissions must be reduced, and the integration of various energy sources into the electricity grid and chemical storage must be implemented. A desirable outlook is one with a variety of energy sources and mechanisms that significantly reduces carbon emissions and is economical for consumers and society. Recent fast-growing research should boost the development of reliable, highly efficient, low-cost, and sustainable energy materials that are effective for new technologies and that satisfy the growing demand for energy storage and climate change solutions.The progress in energy materials is indeed significant, however, as the expectations of energy materials research are always quite high, it is not sufficient. Particularly, the material performances are always theoretically predicted but are limited by the underlying mechanisms in real applications. As a wellknown example, silicon is expected to deliver a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh g −1 in the form of Li 4.4 Si, and is thought to replace the currently commercial graphite with a capacity of 372 mAh g −1 . However, in real applications, it is found that Si exhibits more than 360% of volume expansion during lithiation, which leads to battery anode failure. In the last few years, TEM, especially in situ TEM, has provided exceptional advantages in investigating the lithiation process of silicon anodes: direct imaging, full crystallography information, and real-time recording have all become possible. By directly observing the charge/discharge processes of Si anodes, the dynamics of expansion have been well understood. The research has then been focused on structural designs of composites containing Si to overcome the expansion. The Si composites (for instance, carbon-wrapped Si nanoparticles with different sizes) were directly analyzed by in situ TEM to determine the best structural design. [12] From 2012, in situ TEM became an essential tool to review and evaluate structural designs for high-capacity anodes with significant volume expansions. The same scenarios apply to similar research topics. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the most powerfulapproaches for revealing physical and chemical process dynamics at atomic resolutions. The most recent developments for in situ TEM techniques are summarized; in particular, how they enable visualization of various events, measure properties, and solve problems in the field of energy by revealing detailed mechanisms at the nanoscale. Related applications include rechargeable batteries such as Li-ion, Na-ion, Li-O 2 , Na-O 2 , Li...

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Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 71%

“…In situ TEM has been widely applied to reveal the underlying mechanisms of rechargeable batteries, including LIBs, Li–O 2 batteries, Li–S batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, sodium–O 2 batteries, and Li–Se batteries …”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

et al. 2019

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Section: Interfaces In Next‐generation All‐solid‐state Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different form the final reaction products of NaO 2 in the liquid electrolyte based Na‐O 2 batteries, in situ TEM of all‐solid‐state Na–O 2 cells showed that the NaO 2 was formed first and then disproportionated to Na 2 O 2 and O 2 in the discharging (Figure 15c). [ 260 ] In addition, carbonate was absent during battery cycling. Similar to the all‐solid‐state sodium metal batteries, the anode interfaces of all‐solid‐state Na–O 2 batteries also suffer from the dendrite issues.…”

Section: Interfaces In Next‐generation All‐solid‐state Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Issues and Challenges in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Lithium, Sodium, and Beyond

et al. 2020

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Owing to the promise of high safety and energy density, all‐solid‐state batteries are attracting incremental interest as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems. However, their widespread applications are inhibited by many technical challenges, including low‐conductivity electrolytes, dendrite growth, and poor cycle/rate properties. Particularly, the interfacial dynamics between the solid electrolyte and the electrode is considered as a crucial factor in determining solid‐state battery performance. In recent years, intensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding the interfacial behavior and strategies to overcome these challenges for all‐solid‐state batteries. Here, the interfacial principle and engineering in a variety of solid‐state batteries, including solid‐state lithium/sodium batteries and emerging batteries (lithium–sulfur, lithium–air, etc.), are discussed. Specific attention is paid to interface physics (contact and wettability) and interface chemistry (passivation layer, ionic transport, dendrite growth), as well as the strategies to address the above concerns. The purpose here is to outline the current interface issues and challenges, allowing for target‐oriented research for solid‐state electrochemical energy storage. Current trends and future perspectives in interfacial engineering are also presented.

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“…After fully charged, the residual parasitic shells remained. More recently, Peng and co‐workers reported an in situ TEM study on a Na–O 2 system using CuO nanowires as the air cathode . They observed an irregular shape thin film‐like NaO 2 /Na 2 O 2 /Na 2 O mixture as the discharge product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing the Oxidation Mechanism and Morphological Evolution of the Cubic‐Shaped Superoxide Discharge Product in Na–Air Batteries

Sun

Liu

Xiao

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Sodium-air (Na-O 2 ) batteries have recently developed as a high theoretical energy density energy storage and conversion system. In particular, Na-O 2 batteries with superoxide as the discharge product have a very high roundtrip energy efficiency over lithium-air batteries due to their significantly reduced charging overpotential. However, Na-O 2 batteries yet suffer from limited cycling lives because of the formation and incomplete removal of side products during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, while the mechanism of these processes is still not fully understood. Herein, a detailed investigation on tracking the decomposition pathway of cubic-shaped micrometer-sized NaO 2 discharge products in Na-O 2 batteries with carbon-based air electrodes is reported. A detailed electrochemical charging mechanism is revealed during the charging process. The evolution of the chemical compositions of the discharge/side products in air electrode during charging is also verified by synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments. The formation of these intermediate phases other than NaO 2 during the charging process results in high overpotentials. These new findings can contribute to a better understanding and the rational design of future Na-O 2 batteries.

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In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O₂ Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Interface Issues and Challenges in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Lithium, Sodium, and Beyond

Visualizing the Oxidation Mechanism and Morphological Evolution of the Cubic‐Shaped Superoxide Discharge Product in Na–Air Batteries

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In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O2 Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Interface Issues and Challenges in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Lithium, Sodium, and Beyond

Visualizing the Oxidation Mechanism and Morphological Evolution of the Cubic‐Shaped Superoxide Discharge Product in Na–Air Batteries

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In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O₂ Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode