In Situ Hydroxyapatite Synthesis Enhances Biocompatibility of PVA/HA Hydrogels

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering tries to simulate natural behavior of hard tissues. This study aimed to produce scaffolds based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with hydroxyapatite (HAp) incorporated in two different ways, by in situ synthesis and physical mixing of pre-prepared HAp. In situ synthesis resulted in calcium deficient form of HAp with lower crystallinity. The proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 proved to be better in the scaffolds with in situ synthesized HAp compared to those with physically mixed pre-prepared HAp. For scaffolds with PVA/HA/HAp ratio 3:1:2, there was significantly higher initial adhesion (p = 0.0440), as well as the proliferation in the following days (p < 0.001). It seemed to be advantageous improve the properties of the scaffold by in situ synthesizing of HAp directly in the organic matrix.

SLS 3D Printing To Fabricate Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Composite Porous Scaffolds and Their Bone Defect Repair Property

“…In the current studies, based on the easy biodegradation, strong cell affinity and nontoxicity of PVA, and the capability of HA inorganic ceramic fillers to induce the bone regeneration, the SLS 3D-printed scaffolds of PVA/HA composite have shown good potential for repairing the bone defects. , However, due to the poor thermal processability of PVA, the prepared PVA-based material scaffolds often show a relatively low mechanical property, which makes PVA products prone to collapse, such as hydrogels. This thus increases the uncertainty in bone repair.…”

Research advances of nanomaterials for the acceleration of fracture healing

“…After implanting HAp in the body, it can remain integrated into regenerated bone due to its slow resorption. Consequently, HAp is often used as nHAp as a filler in polymers to improve their mechanical properties [ 87 ] and coat metal implants to provide better bioactivity [ 88 ].…”

A Porous Hydrogel with High Mechanical Strength and Biocompatibility for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Hydroxypropyl guar was used to improve mechanical properties of PVA/HA hydrogels and the compressive strength the hydrogels attained was approximately 7 MPa [21], but the addition of HPG decreased the cell viability of MC3T3-E1 on HPG/PVA/n-HA. By utilizing in situ HA synthesis, the biocompatibility of PVA/HA hydrogels was enhanced [22]. However, there were no pores on the surface of the composite hydrogels, which hindered the nutrient and waste transportation of cells.…”