In Situ Hydrothermally Grown TiO₂@C Core–Shell Nanowire Coating for Highly Sensitive Solid Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract

Nanostructured materials have great potential for solid phase microextraction (SPME) on account of their tiny size, distinct architectures and superior physical and chemical properties. Herein, a core-shell TiO@C fiber for SPME was successfully fabricated by the simple hydrothermal reaction of a titanium wire and subsequent amorphous carbon coating. The readily hydrothermal procedure afforded in situ synthesis of TiO nanowires on a titanium wire and provided a desirable substrate for further coating of amorphous carbon. Benefiting from the much larger surface area of subsequent TiO and good adsorption property of the amorphous carbon coating, the core-shell TiO@C fiber was utilized for the SPME device for the first time and proved to have better performance in extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In comparison to the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS/divinylbenzene (DVB) fiber for commercial use, the TiO@C fiber obtained gas chromatography responses 3-8 times higher than those obtained by the commercial 100 μm PDMS and 1-9 times higher than those obtained by the 65 μm PDMS/DVB fiber. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the low detection limits were obtained in the range of 0.4-7.1 ng L with wider linearity in the range of 10-2000 ng L. Moreover, the fiber was successfully used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Pearl River water, which demonstrated the applicability of the core-shell TiO@C fiber.

Determination of Pyrethroids in Tea Brew by GC-MS Combined with SPME with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Coated Fiber

“…Sun et al determined the pollutants in the aquatic environment by SPME coupled with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in which the SPME was coated with ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) decorated with Au@4-ATP@Ag core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) [ 13 ]. Wang et al synthesized a core−shell TiO 2 @C fiber for SPME to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river water samples [ 14 ]. Wu et al prepared a single-walled carbon nanotubes coated SPME fiber for extraction of several pyrethroids [ 15 ].…”

Sustainable solid-state strategy to hierarchical core-shell structured Fe3O4@graphene towards a safer and green sodium ion full battery

“…The only difference is the reduced particle size hinted by the increased peak width and noise-signal ratio. Note that the hierarchical core-shell structured Fe 3 O 4 @graphene is quite different from the traditional individual core-shell particles (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 @C [10], SnO 2 @C [11], C@TiO 2 [31]) and wires (e.g., TiO 2 @C [32], Fe 2 O 3 -C [33]), it has a low surface area…”

A simple strategy based on fibers coated with surfactant-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes to improve the properties of solid-phase microextraction of phenols in aqueous solution

“…18 To obtain high extraction efficiencies for these compounds, various types of SPME coatings have been investigated, including molecularly imprinted polymers, 19 ionic liquids, 20 metal-organic frameworks, 21 and carbon materials. [22][23][24][25] Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have unique electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties and have attracted attention in recent years. [26][27][28][29][30] MWCNTs contain internal cavities that are large enough to allow analytes to penetrate, and their surfaces and interspaces within nanotube bundles provide excellent sorption.…”