In situ detection of lung cancer volatile fingerprints using bronchoscopic air-sampling

Development of an Exhaled Breath Monitoring System with Semiconductive Gas Sensors, a Gas Condenser Unit, and Gas Chromatograph Columns

“…Although gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is one of the best methods for detecting low-concentration VOCs, this method is expensive, and the instrumentation is not portable; inexpensive detectors, such as portable VOC detectors, are preferable for periodic medical inspection and health screening. Many researchers have developed systems to analyze exhaled breaths, including multisensor signals from sensor arrays that utilize statistical analysis [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26], ion mobility spectrometry [27], and discrimination by canines [28,29]. Accordingly, we have developed a prototype system for monitoring exhaled breath.…”

Breath sensors for lung cancer diagnosis

“…The most meaningful results in lung cancer diagnosis with gas sensor arrays for the years between 2003 and 2009 were presented through this study. The same group improved their results by developing the sampling method through the use of an endoscopic probe that enabled sampling near the tumor mass (Santonico et al, 2012). By (Peng et al, 2010).…”

“…The other concerns in addition to the contributions by the microbial flora of the gut and mouth are the volatile byproducts that are generated by the personal diet, medications, drugs, and the toxins that one is exposed to Dweik (2011). Furthermore, distinctive approaches such as using endoscopic probes for the breath sampling are developing in order to improve the technique at the expense of non-invasiveness (Santonico et al, 2012). A bronchoscopic apparatus was adapted to collect the breath sample nearby the site that was investigated by the endoscopic probe.…”

“…These variations would not be fully selective due not having a linear relationship with the cancer stages of the patients. Yet, developing the sampling approaches (Santonico et al, 2012) and introducing the patients' clinical history as variables (Mazzone et al, 2012) are underway to overcome these hurdles. Probably the most and the first systemic approach up to now is the study on the classification of the lung cancer histology by measuring breath samples with the gold nanoparticle sensors (Barash et al, 2012a).…”

Advances in the Early Detection of Lung Cancer using Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds: From Imaging to Sensors

“…In 2012, the same E-nose was also used to analyze the breath samples of 30 subjects (10 with adenocarcinoma, 10 with squamous cell carcinoma and 10 controls) using two breath collection strategies (bag breath sampling and endoscopic breath sampling). Overall 90% and 85% correct classifications were observed by using endoscopic breath sampling and bag breath sampling, respectively (Santonico et al, 2012). …”