In Situ Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Salivary Glands

Arrieta, Juan José; Rodríguez‐Iñigo, Elena; Ortiz‐Movilla, Nuria; Bartolomé, Javier; Pardo, Margarita; Manzarbeitia, Félix; Oliva, H; Macías, David Mariscal; Carréño, Vicente

doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63964-8

Cited by 147 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is possible that the sampling, centrifugation and freezing methods used, as well as the presence of blood may have contributed to these differences. Though HCV-RNA has been found in leukocytes [47] and in oral epithelial cells [29,38,47] from HCV patients, the saliva samples in our study were free of such cells. Blood in the saliva samples may contribute to these discrepant results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Data from 38 published papers indicated a frequency of HCV-RNA in saliva samples from 0 to 100% (Tables 1 and 2). Five out of 38 publications reported100% HCV-RNA detection in saliva samples from HCV-positive patients [16,17,25,29,38]; however, only a few cases or only patients with sialoadenitis were considered in these studies, which may represent a caveat. When reports with sample sizes larger than 30 HCV-positive patients were considered separately, the broad variability of frequencies was evident, ranging from 0 to 66% [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

Gonçalves¹,

Cunha²,

Busek³

et al. 2005

Braz J Infect Dis

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We examined the frequency of HCV-RNA in saliva samples from anti-HCV positive patients. Both plasma and saliva samples from 39 HCV patients (13 with normal liver enzymes, 19 with abnormal liver enzymes and 13 with cirrhosis) were investigated. Stimulated saliva and fresh plasma were centrifuged (900 x g,10 min) and stored at -70 o C, after the addition of guanidine isothiocyanate RNA extraction buffer. HCV-RNA was detected by RT-nested-PCR (amplification of HCV-cDNA for two rounds, using HCV primers 939/209 and 940/211). HCV genotyping was carried out by RFLP (using Mva I and Hinf 1 or Hae III and Rsa I restriction enzymes). Thirty-two out of 39 (82%; 95% CI=70-94%) anti-HCV-positive patients had HCV-RNA in plasma samples. Eight out of 39 (20.5%; 95% CI=6.6-34.4%) had HCV-RNA in the saliva. The HCV genotype in saliva samples from these patients matched the genotype found for plasma HCV-RNA. No significant correlation between the presence of HCV and either age, gender, HCV genotype or any risk factor for HCV infection was found. The observed prevalence (20.5% of anti HCV positive patients or 25% of the patients with HCV-RNA in plasma) was lower than that previously reported from other countries. The low frequency of HCV-RNA in saliva samples observed in our study may be due to the use of cell-free saliva. Other authors reporting higher frequencies of HCV-RNA in saliva used whole saliva, without centrifugation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

Gonçalves¹,

Cunha²,

Busek³

et al. 2005

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…Recently, the presence of HCV in epithelial cells of salivary glands of HCV positive patients was demonstrated, reinforcing the hypothesis that this virus is an etiological factor in sialoadenitis 1 . It has also been demonstrated that transgenic mice carrying the HCV envelope genes developed sialoadenitis at a frequency higher than 80% at the age of six months or older 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…To our knowledge, there is only one report demonstrating the presence of double-stranded HCV-RNA in salivary gland epithelial cells from eight HCV positive patients 1 . The absence of symptoms of sialoadenitis such as sicca syndrome among our patients with positive HCV-RNA in saliva, indicates that if the virus is replicating in salivary glands, this replication is not inducing a marked sialoadenitis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitric oxide levels are not changed in saliva of patients infected with hepatitis C virus

Tavares

Gonçalves

Porto

et al. 2005

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The aim of this investigation was to determine nitric oxide metabolite levels in saliva samples from hepatitis C virus-positive patients in an attempt to test the hypothesis if increased levels of nitric oxide metabolites correlates with the presence of HCV-RNA in saliva. Saliva of 39 HCV-positive patients and 13 HCV-negative patients, without clinical or laboratorial evidence of liver disease were tested for nitric oxide metabolites. HCV-RNA was detected in serum and saliva by a RT-PCR method and nitric oxide level was determined by evaluation of its stable degradation products, nitrate and nitrite. No differences were found between the concentration of nitrite in saliva from HCV patients and controls, in despite of the presence or not of HCV RNA in saliva. Patients with HCV and cirrhosis had higher concentrations of nitrite but not significantly different from the control group or the groups of anti-HCV patients without cirrhosis. Increased levels of nitrite were not detected in anti-HCV positive patients, an indirect indication that chronic sialoadenitis are infrequent in these patients or occurs with low intensity not sufficient to increase nitric oxide metabolite levels in saliva.Key-words: Hepatitis C. Saliva. Nitric oxide. Sialoadenitis. RESUMOO objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar os níveis de metabólitos do óxido nítrico na saliva de pacientes anti-vírus da hepatite C positivos na tentativa de correlacionar os níveis desses metabólitos com a presença do VHC na saliva. Foram estudados 39 pacientes anti-VHC positivos (9 com enzimas hepáticas normais, 16 com hepatite crônica e 14 com cirrose hepática) e em 13 controles saudáveis, sem sinais ou sintomas de doença hepática.O RNA do VHC foi identificado no soro e na saliva através de técnica de RT-PCR e os níveis de óxido nítrico foram avaliados pela quantificação dos seus metabólitos estáveis, nitratos e nitritos. Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de nitrito na saliva não diferiram significativamente no grupo anti-VHC positivo em relação ao grupo controle, nem entre os grupo com presença ou ausência do RNA do VHC na saliva. Os níveis de nitrito foram mais elevados no grupo com cirrose hepática do que nos grupos controle e anti-VHC positivos, sem cirrose hepática, mas as diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. A não observação de níveis elevados de nitrito na saliva dos pacientes anti-VHC positivos é uma indicação indireta de que a sialoadenite não deve ser freqüente nesses pacientes ou, se existe, é de intensidade não suficiente para modificar os níves de óxido nítrico na secreção salivar.Palavras-chaves: Hepatite C. Saliva. Óxido nítrico. Sialoadenite.

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“…Sjögren's syndrome Recent data suggest a close association between HCV and SS [101]. In most cases HCV-associated SS is indistinguishable from the primary form in accordance with the classification criteria.…”

Section: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases During Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hepatitis C virus and autoimmunity

Böckle

Sepp

2010

Autoimmun Highlights

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Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with several extrahepatic manifestations. About 60% of patients infected with HCV develop at least one extrahepatic manifestation. The majority of these diseases seem to be triggered through autoimmune mechanisms, such as autoantibody production, autoreactive T cells and complex autoimmune mechanisms leading to systemic autoimmune disorders. In this review we categorize these diseases into three groups according to the main pathogenetic process involved, in particular B-cell-mediated, T-cell-mediated and complex autoimmune systemic diseases.

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In Situ Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Salivary Glands

Cited by 147 publications

References 23 publications

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

Nitric oxide levels are not changed in saliva of patients infected with hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus and autoimmunity

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