Hepatitis C virus and autoimmunity

Böckle, Barbara C.; Sepp, Norbert

doi:10.1007/s13317-010-0005-5

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Alternative treatment strategies are needed to cure nonresponder patients of HCV infection. Approximately, 180 million individuals are affected by acute or chronic viral hepatitis, and its prevalence is estimated to reach 2% of the world population (4); moreover, about 60% of these HCV carriers are also at the risk of HCV related several life threatening complications, and extrahepatic manifestations such as cryoglobulinemia (4-9). Concurrently, persistent chronic HCV infection more potent to developed cirrhosis, end stage of liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma is a result of hepatocellular necrosis among other hepatitis virus types (4, 10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately, 180 million individuals are affected by acute or chronic viral hepatitis, and its prevalence is estimated to reach 2% of the world population (4); moreover, about 60% of these HCV carriers are also at the risk of HCV related several life threatening complications, and extrahepatic manifestations such as cryoglobulinemia (4-9). Concurrently, persistent chronic HCV infection more potent to developed cirrhosis, end stage of liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma is a result of hepatocellular necrosis among other hepatitis virus types (4, 10). HCV infection has been linked to severe chronic conditions such as; altered lipid metabolism (5, 10, 11), high prevalence of steatosis (11), fibrosis (12) increased insulin resistance (IR), (13-15), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between ABCB1 (MDR1) Gene Polymorphism and Unresponsiveness Combined Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C virus

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTo treat viral infection of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a main strategy to prevent progression of liver disease, and cancer. Some patients with CHC have failed to respond to the common antiviral therapy in different populations.ObjectivesIn the current study it was aimed to find out the possible role of multiple drug resistance gene1 (MDR1) in non-responder patients with CHC infection in Turkish population.Patients and MethodsPeripheral blood-EDTA samples were used for total genomic DNA isolation. In total of 55 patients with chronic hepatitis C and positive results for genotype 1 [31 male (56.4%), 24 female (43.6%) and mean age-min-max; 56.9 ± 9.66 (39-71)]; 19 responder (34.5%), 21 non responder (38.2%), and 15 recurrence (27.3%) were included in the presented results. Functional MDR1 gene was genotyped by multiplex PCR-based reverse-hybridization Strip Assay method, and some samples were confirmed by direct sequencing.ResultsOur results indicate that MDR1 gene polymorphism is strongly associated with non-responder patients and those with recurrent chronic hepatitis C during conventional drug therapy when compared to the responder patients. Homozygous of the TT genotype for MDR1 exon 26 polymorphism was at 2.0-fold higher risk of non-responder than patients with CC and CT.ConclusionsThe homozygous MDR1 3435TT genotype which encodes the xenobiotic transporter P-glycoprotein may be associated with a poor antiviral response in HCV chronicity during conventional therapy, and large-scale studies are needed to validate this association.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between ABCB1 (MDR1) Gene Polymorphism and Unresponsiveness Combined Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C virus

et al. 2013

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“…The frequency of Tfh cells in the circulation is less clear as they have been shown to be enriched, reduced or unaltered [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. However, two observations in patients strongly argue for a relevant role of Tfh cells in chronic HCV infection: (a) The titers of HCV-specific nAbs increase as the infection progresses [ 54 ] and (b) chronic HCV infection is associated with different autoimmune diseases [ 58 ] and most autoimmune disorders are associated with alterations of Tfh cells. As is the case for all components of the immune system, Tfh cell activity is tightly regulated.…”

Section: Cd4 T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV-Specific T Cell Responses During and After Chronic HCV Infection

Luxenburger

Neumann‐Haefelin

Thimme

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses are closely linked to the clinical course of infection. While T cell responses in self-limiting infection are typically broad and multi-specific, they display several distinct features of functional impairment in the chronic phase. Moreover, HCV readily adapts to immune pressure by developing escape mutations within epitopes targeted by T cells. Much of our current knowledge on HCV-specific T cell responses has been gathered under the assumption that this might eventually pave the way for a therapeutic vaccine. However, with the development of highly efficient direct acting antivirals (DAAs), there is less interest in the development of a therapeutic vaccine for HCV and the scope of T cell research has shifted. Indeed, the possibility to rapidly eradicate an antigen that has persisted over years or decades, and has led to T cell exhaustion and dysfunction, provides the unique opportunity to study potential T cell recovery after antigen cessation in a human in vivo setting. Findings from such studies not only improve our basic understanding of T cell immunity but may also advance immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer or chronic hepatitis B and D infection. Moreover, in order to edge closer to the WHO goal of HCV elimination by 2030, a prophylactic vaccine is clearly required. Thus, in this review, we will summarize our current knowledge on HCV-specific T cell responses and also provide an outlook on the open questions that require answers in this field.

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“…HCV provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of a hepatotropic virus that also has unique lymphotropic potential (12). In the absence of this lymphotropism, HCV would be indistinguishable from a pathogenic standpoint from HBV and HIV in the development of typical IgGviral particle immune complexes of varying size and virulence.…”

Section: Type 1 Mpgn With MCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral-Associated GN: Hepatitis C and HIV

Kupin

2016

CJASN

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Viruses are capable of inducing a wide spectrum of glomerular disorders that can be categorized on the basis of the duration of active viremia: acute, subacute, or chronic. The variable responses of the adaptive immune system to each time period of viral infection results mechanistically in different histologic forms of glomerular injury. The unique presence of a chronic viremic carrier state with either hepatitis C (HCV) or HIV has led to the opportunity to study in detail various pathogenic mechanisms of viral-induced glomerular injury, including direct viral infection of renal tissue and the development of circulating immune complexes composed of viral antigens that deposit along the glomerular basement membrane. Epidemiologic data show that approximately 25%-30% of all HIV patients are coinfected with HCV and 5%-10% of all HCV patients are coinfected with HIV. This situation can often lead to a challenging differential diagnosis when glomerular disease occurs in this dual-infected population and requires the clinician to be familiar with the clinical presentation, laboratory workup, and pathophysiology behind the development of renal disease for both HCV and HIV. Both of these viruses can be categorized under the new classification of infection-associated GN as opposed to being listed as causes of postinfectious GN as has previously been applied to them. Neither of these viruses lead to renal injury after a latent period of controlled and inactive viremia. The geneses of HCV- and HIV-associated glomerular diseases share a total dependence on the presence of active viral replication to sustain renal injury so the renal disease cannot be listed under "postinfectious" GN. With the new availability of direct-acting antivirals for HCV and more effective combined antiretroviral therapy for HIV, successful remission and even regression of glomerular lesions can be achieved if initiated at an early stage.

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Hepatitis C virus and autoimmunity

Cited by 9 publications

References 125 publications

Association Between ABCB1 (MDR1) Gene Polymorphism and Unresponsiveness Combined Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C virus

Association Between ABCB1 (MDR1) Gene Polymorphism and Unresponsiveness Combined Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C virus

HCV-Specific T Cell Responses During and After Chronic HCV Infection

Viral-Associated GN: Hepatitis C and HIV

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