In Situ Characterization for Understanding the Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Meng, Xin; Tian, Xueying; Zhang, Shasha; Zhou, Jing; Zhang, Yiqiang; Liu, Zonghao; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1002/solr.202200280

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…To study the mechanisms of degradation and thermal instability in PSCs, spectroscopic analyses are usually required. These include techniques such as X-ray diffraction [ 72 , 73 ], photoelectron spectroscopy [ 74 , 75 ], thermogravimetric analysis [ 76 , 77 ], mass spectrometry [ 78 , 79 ], scanning electron microscopy [ 80 , 81 ] and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IR Spectroscopic Degradation Study of Thin Organometal Halide Perovskite Films

et al. 2023

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The advantages of IR spectroscopy include relatively fast analysis and sensitivity, which facilitate its wide application in the pharmaceutical, chemical and polymer sectors. Thus, IR spectroscopy provides an excellent opportunity to monitor the degradation and concomitant evolution of the molecular structure within a perovskite layer. As is well-known, one of the main limitations preventing the industrialization of perovskite solar cells is the relatively low resistance to various degradation factors. The aim of this work was to study the degradation of the surface of a perovskite thin film CH3NH3PbI3-xClx caused by atmosphere and light. To study the surface of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx, a scanning electron microscope, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and optical absorption were used. It is shown that the degradation of the functional layer of perovskite proceeds differently depending on the acting factor present in the surrounding atmosphere, whilst the chemical bonds are maintained within the perovskite crystal structure under nitrogen. However, when exposed to an ambient atmosphere, an expansion of the NH3+ band is observed, which is accompanied by a shift in the N–H stretching mode toward higher frequencies; this can be explained by the degradation of the perovskite surface due to hydration. This paper shows that the dissociation of H2O molecules under the influence of sunlight can adversely affect the efficiency and stability of the absorbing layer. This work presents an approach to the study of perovskite structural stability with the aim of developing alternative concepts to the fabrication of stable and sustainable perovskite solar cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IR Spectroscopic Degradation Study of Thin Organometal Halide Perovskite Films

et al. 2023

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“…Although the outdoor operational stability of PSCs has been widely studied by tracking the photophysical properties and PCE as functions of light/temperature/moisture, a detailed understanding of the morphological and structural changes that contribute to the degradation/transformation reactions in different layers and interfaces between them is lacking. Various analytical techniques have been used to probe the instability of MAPbI 3 and FAPbI 3 -based perovskites, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry, mass spectrometry, optical or electron microscopy, ssNMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. − Only a handful of studies have used atomic-scale characterization techniques to analyze the different degradation products and their kinetic pathways, specifically for assimilating the long-term environmental stability of several months. ,,− It can be due, in part, to the limitations associated with the spatial and temporal resolution of analytical techniques to probe the accurate chemical nature of intermediates, short-lived species at minuscule concentrations in cascading degradation pathways. Nonetheless, the role of moisture in the thin-film morphology, grain size, and long-range structural order can be obtained by electron microscopy and XRD techniques .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining a Year-Long Chemical Degradation Process and Reaction Kinetics in Pristine and Defect-Passivated Lead Halide Perovskites

et al. 2023

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As a promising solar energy harvesting technology, solution-processed metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are of great current interest in developing low-cost and efficient photovoltaic cells. Despite their excellent optoelectronic properties and the nascent advancements in compositional tailoring and interfacial engineering to develop high-performance MHPs, issues associated with the long-term environmental stability of these materials are yet to be addressed. Here we examine the moisture-induced cascade degradation reactions over a year for methylammonium l e a d i o d i d e ( M A P b I 3 ) -a n d f o r m a m i d i n i u m -r i c h [Cs 0.05 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.95 Pb(Br 0.17 I 0.83 ) 3 ] formulations at 40 and 85% relative humidity (RH) in the air. The transformative reactions at 85% RH lead to chemical degradation process in both MA-rich and FA-rich perovskites, yielding to the different organic and inorganic byproducts within a few hours, but the exposure to 40% RH retains the longevity of these materials up to several months. The defect passivation by the tetrapropylammonium cation (TPA + ) imparts enhanced stability of MAPbI 3 particles, irrespective of the exposure conditions to water vapor. By resolving thin-film morphology at sub-nanometer to nanometer resolution using solid-state (ss)NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, kinetics of degradation reactions and structural insights into the inorganic/organic interfaces and degradation products are obtained and compared. Our findings provide mechanistic details into the cascade degradation reactions in pristine and defect-passivated MHPs, enabling guidance for novel passivating and interfacial engineering strategies to further improve the robustness of the MHPs with respect to environmental stressors.

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“…8 Applications of FIB have enabled measuring the morphology and local optoelectronic responses of metal-halide perovskite devices. 9,10 Smooth sample surfaces are desirable for many atomic/nanoscale measurements due to the scattering of the probe beams that can introduce artifacts arising from the sample topography rather than the characteristics of the sample of interest. Numerous transmission electron microscopy (TEM; beam energy of 80 to 300 keV) studies revealed the structural and compositional characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under controlled environmental stressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface Characteristics of Metal-Halide Perovskites Polished by an Argon Ion Beam

et al. 2023

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Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques have been frequently used to section metal-halide perovskites for microstructural investigations. However, the ion beams directly irradiating the sample surface may alter its properties far different from those of pristine, potentially leading to modified deterioration mechanisms under aging stressors. Here, we combine complementary approaches to measure the subsurface characteristics of polished perovskites and identify the chemical species responsible for the measured properties. Analysis of the experimental results in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations indicates that atomic displacements and local heating occur in the first ≈15 nm of the subsurface of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by glancing-angle Ar+ beam irradiation (4 kV at 3°). The lead-rich, iodine-deficient surface promotes rapid phase segregation under thermal aging conditions. On the other hand, despite the subsurface modification, our experiments confirm that the rest of the MAPbI3 bulk retains the material integrity. Our observation supports that polished perovskites could serve in studying the properties of bulk or buried junctions far away from the altered subsurface with care.

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In Situ Characterization for Understanding the Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 95 publications

IR Spectroscopic Degradation Study of Thin Organometal Halide Perovskite Films

IR Spectroscopic Degradation Study of Thin Organometal Halide Perovskite Films

Examining a Year-Long Chemical Degradation Process and Reaction Kinetics in Pristine and Defect-Passivated Lead Halide Perovskites

Subsurface Characteristics of Metal-Halide Perovskites Polished by an Argon Ion Beam

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