In Situ Binding Sb Nanospheres on Graphene via Oxygen Bonds as Superior Anode for Ultrafast Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Graphene incorporation should be one effective strategy to develop advanced electrode materials for a sodium-ion battery (SIB). Herein, the micro/nanostructural Sb/graphene composite (Sb-O-G) is successfully prepared with the uniform Sb nanospheres (∼100 nm) bound on the graphene via oxygen bonds. It is revealed that the in-situ-constructed oxygen bonds play a significant role on enhancing Na-storage properties, especially the ultrafast charge/discharge capability. The oxygen-bond-enhanced Sb-O-G composite can deliver a high capacity of 220 mAh/g at an ultrahigh current density of 12 A/g, which is obviously superior to the similar Sb/G composite (130 mAh/g at 10 A/g) just without Sb-O-C bonds. It also exhibits the highest Na-storage capacity compared to Sb/G and pure Sb nanoparticles as well as the best cycling performance. More importantly, this Sb-O-G anode achieves ultrafast (120 C) energy storage in SIB full cells, which have already been shown to power a 26-bulb array and calculator. All of these superior performances originate from the structural stability of Sb-O-C bonds during Na uptake/release, which has been verified by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies and infrared spectroscopies.

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Academic Research to Practical Commercialization

“…[149] In order to reduce the irreversible capacity of the full cells, presodiation of Sb-and Sn-based anodes was employed prior to assembling the full cell. [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] For example, the NiSb//Na 0. 4 , with capacity retention of 75% after 20 cycles.…”

Alloy‐Based Anode Materials toward Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Typical examples of Sb-based anode materials and their electrochemical performance are outlined in Table 2. [119] Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the Fourier transform infrared sepctroscopy (FT-IR) tests further clarified that Sb-O-G material can maintain its www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com nanostructures without the agglomeration of Sb nanospheres after 200 cycles due to the existence of Sb-O-G bond, whereas Sb nanoparticles in Sb/G (Sb and graphene were not combined via oxygen bonds) detached easily with graphene and aggregated severely during cycles. [106,[111][112][113] Zhu et al prepared a Sb/C composite electrode using a simple and scalable electrospinning method, with Sb nanoparticles (≈30 nm) uniformly encapsulated in interconnecting carbon fibers (400 nm in dia meter) as displayed in Figure 5a.…”

“…[114] Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. [119] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. Reproduced with permission.…”

Tin‐Assisted Sb2S3 Nanoparticles Uniformly Grafted on Graphene Effectively Improves Sodium‐Ion Storage Performance

“…Gradually sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) as similar as LIBs in de‐intercalation mechanism have attracted increasing interest owing to their the low cost and abundant reserves on earth, which would be promising substitute in the field of grid‐scale energy storage for LIBs ,. Recently, most efforts have been tried to develop high‐performance electrode materials for SIBs . Sb 2 S 3 materials adopted a two‐step reaction with sodium are resource rich and cheap and have a high theoretical capacity of 946 mAh g −1 for SIBs anode .…”