In Silico Prediction of the Mode of Action of Viola odorata in Diabetes

Abstract

Background. The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of different diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has rapidly grown and affected more than 230 million people worldwide. Viola odorata is a traditionally used plant for the treatment of diabetes; however, its mechanism to manage diabetes is still unknown. Purpose. This study was designed to systematically assess the mechanism of action of Viola odorata in diabetes. Methods. An extensive literature search was made to establish an ingredient-target database of Viola odorata. Of these, targets related to diabetes were identified and used to develop a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) by utilizing the STITCH database. The obtained PPIN was assessed through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on ClueGO plugin. Results. According to the acquired data, there were about 143 chemical constituents present in Viola odorata having 119 protein targets. Of these, 31 targets were established to give the pharmacological effect against diabetes. The UniProt database was used for screening of 31 targets, out of which Homo sapiens contained 22 targets. Ultimately, 207 GO terms, grouped into 41 clusters, were found by gene analysis, and most of them were found to be linked with diabetes. According to findings, several proteins including TP53, BCL2, CDKN1A, 1L6, CCND1, CDKN2A, and RB1 have a significant role in the treatment of diabetes by Viola odorata. Conclusion. The possible activity of Viola odorata in the management of diabetes may be mediated by several molecular mechanisms, including the glutamine metabolic process, IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response, and pentose metabolic process.

Study on the active ingredients and mechanism of action of Jiaotai Pill in the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on network pharmacology: A review

“…Modern studies have found that TP53, RB1, CCNB1 and CDKN1A have anti-diabetic activity. [ 39 , 40 ] Studies have found that CCND1 plays a role in obesity-related T2DM, which is related to its participation in fatty acid and glucose metabolic pathways and oxidation/reduction reactions [ 41 ] ; while CDK4/6 has a regulatory effect on human beta cell proliferation. [ 42 ] Studies have found that CDK1 is the key to drive oxidative phosphorylation, and the abnormal increase in the secretion of oxidative phosphorylation components may be the basis for the development of diabetes.…”

Network Pharmacological Study of Achyranthis bidentatae Radix Effect on Bone Trauma

“…Docking Study. The docking of ten compounds (Rutin, Aregenal, Astragalin, Baicalien, Copistine, Epiberberine, Hyperin, Kaempferol, Myristic acid, and Palmatine) with one of the targets (interleukin-6) was carried to computationally search an appropriate ligand that fits the binding site of protein-based on its geometry and energy [18].…”