In search of a noncontact underwater acoustic source

Experimental investigation of the effect of ambient pressure on laser-induced bubble dynamics

“…The energy of cavitation bubble E b is proportional to the cube of its maximum radius R max [5,19,20].…”

A laser probe measurement of cavitation bubble dynamics improved by shock wave detection and compared to shadow photography

“…4 Study of cavitation-bubble oscillations is also potentially interesting for laser-based noncontact underwater communications 5 as well as for underwater explosions. 1 Cavitation bubbles can be induced in different ways; however, laser-induced cavitation [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] is probably the most frequently employed method for the generation of bubbles due to its ability to accurately position the origin of the cavitation bubbles in space, as well as in time. 13,14 Because of this interest in cavitation bubbles-especially the dynamics and the associated mechanisms-different authors have developed a variety of experimental techniques.…”

Underwater acoustic signals induced by intense ultrashort laser pulse

“…[4][5][6] It has been recognized early on that an intense laser pulse focused in a transparent liquid can heat or ionize the medium, leading to the emission of an acoustic transient. 7,8 A laser-based method offers advantages in standoff underwater acoustics in comparison with traditional sources consisting of arrays of hydro-acoustic transducers or sonars. 9,10 The first experiments were carried out with CO 2 , Neodymium glass, and ruby laser sources with pulse durations longer than 100 ns.…”