This work systematically investigates the evolution from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic surface state on corrosion behaviour of SS316L produced by Nd:YAG nanosecond direct laser texturing (DLT). Results confirm perfect correlation among wettability and corrosion, hence superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 169° reflects in enhanced passivity, lower anodic dissolution and corrosion current reduction. Characterization of the corrosion attack by 3D microscopy reveals high sensitivity of superhydrophilic surfaces on corrosion propagation direction in regard to the laser beam passage (90°/0°). However, this trend completely diminishes with superhydrophobic development. Further, DLT also completely prohibits intergranular corrosion detected with the non-processed sample.

This work investigates the influence of the direct laser texturing at high fluences (DLT-HF) on surface topography, chemistry and wettability. We use a Nd:YAG laser ( = 1064 nm) with pulse duration of 95 ns to process stainless steel surface. The surface morphology and chemistry after the texturing is examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), while the surface wettability is evaluated by measuring the static contact angle. Immediately after the texturing, the surface is superhydrophilic in a saturated Wenzel regime. However, this state is not stable and the superhydrophilic-to-superhydrophobic transition happens if the sample is kept in atmospheric air for 30 days. After this period, the laser textured stainless steel surface expresses lotus-leaf like behavior. By using a high-speed camera at 10,000 fps we measured that the water droplet completely rebound from this superhydrophobic surface after the contact time of 12 ms. PACS numbers 81.16.-c (Methods of micro-and nanofabrication and processing) 68.08.Bc (Wetting in liquid-solid interfaces) 79.20.Eb (Ablation laser impact on surfaces) 42.62.Cf (Laser beam machining)

Shock waves and cavitation effects in aqueous media induced by ultrafast laser pulses AIP Conf.Inertial cavitation and associated acoustic emission produced during electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy

Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on tool steel by multiple picosecond laser pulses of different polarizations, Appl.

Abstract. When an erbium-laser pulse is directed into water through a small-diameter fiber tip (FT), the absorption of the laser energy superheats the water and its boiling induces a vapor bubble. We present the influence of different FT geometries and pulse parameters on the vapor-bubble dynamics. In our investigation, we use a free-running erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) (λ ¼ 2.94 μm) laser that was designed for laser dentistry. Its pulse is directed into the water through FTs with a flat and conical geometry. Our results show that in the case of the conical FT, a spherical bubble is induced, while a channel-like bubble develops for the flat FT. The ratio between the mechanical energy of the liquid medium and the pulse energy, which we call the optodynamic energy-conversion efficiency, is examined using shadow photography. The results indicate that this efficiency is significantly larger when a conical FT is used and it increases with increasing pulse energy and decreasing pulse duration. The spherical bubbles are compared with the Rayleigh model in order to present the influence of the pulse duration on the dynamics of the bubble's expansion.

This study presents the application of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane-silica coating used for the development of biphilic surfaces that are designed to enhance the heat transfer during boiling. Surface analyses showed that this coating exhibits a high hydrophobicity due to its hierarchical structure and the use of hydrophobic polymer. An appropriate thermal treatment leads to the oxidation of the methyl groups and a formation of silicon oxide and silicon carbide that result in a wettability transition from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. On this basis, we manufactured hydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns on stainless-steel foils using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The uniform, superhydrophilic surface exhibited a 350% larger critical heat flux (CHF) than bare stainless-steel foil. High-speed IR thermography revealed that the increased wettability reduced the bubble contact diameter, allowed a higher density of active nucleation sites, and delayed the dry-out. The biphilic surfaces with differently sized hydrophobic spots exhibited the highest heat transfer coefficients, with an up to 200% higher CHF compared to the bare stainless steel. Smaller hydrophobic spots reduced the bubble diameter and increased the nucleation frequency. However, surfaces with larger hydrophobic regions promoted boiling incipience and exhibited higher heat transfer coefficients at low heat fluxes. These results suggest that the optimal biphilic pattern could only be determined for a particular operating point. Our data provide a new insight into the complex phenomena of nucleate pool boiling on chemically and mechanically heterogeneous surfaces.

Microstructured uniformly and non-uniformly wettable surfaces were created on 25-m-thin stainless steel foils by laser texturing using a marking nanosecond Nd:YAG laser ( = 1064 nm) and utilizing various laser fluences and scan line separations. High-speed photography and high-speed IR thermography were used to investigate nucleate boiling heat transfer on the microstructured surfaces. The most pronounced results were obtained on a surface with nonuniform microstructure and non-uniform wettability. The obtained results show up to a 110 % higher heat transfer coefficients and 20-40 times higher nucleation site densities compared to the untextured surface. We show that the number of active nucleation sites is significantly increased in the vicinity of microcavities that appeared in areas with the smallest (10 m) scan line separation. Furthermore, this confirms the predictions of nucleation criteria and proves that straightforward, cost-effective nanosecond laser texturing allows the production of cavities with diameters of up to a few micrometers and surfaces with non-uniform wettability. Additionally, this opens up important possibilities for a more deterministic control over the complex boiling process.

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