In‐field classification of herbicide‐resistant Papaver rhoeas and Stellaria media using an imaging sensor of the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II

Abstract

SummaryReliable in‐season and in‐field tools for rapidly quantifying herbicide efficacy in dicotyledonous weeds are missing. In this study, the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of susceptible and resistant Papaver rhoeas and Stellaria media populations in response to treatments with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors were examined. Seedlings (4–6 leafs) were transplanted into the field immediately after the application of the ALS inhibitors florasulam, metsulfuron‐methyl and tribenuron‐methyl. The Fv/Fm values were assessed 1–7, 9 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Based on the Fv/Fm values of all fluorescing pixels in the images of herbicide‐treated plants, discriminant maximum‐likelihood classifiers were created. Based on this classifier, an independent set of images were classified into ‘susceptible’ or ‘resistant’ plants. The classifiers’ accuracy, false‐positive rate and false‐negative rate were calculated. The Fv/Fm values of sensitive P. rhoeas and S. media plants decreased within 3 DAT by 28–43%. The Fv/Fm values of the resistant plants of both species were 20% higher than those of the sensitive plants in all herbicide treatments. The classifier separated sensitive and resistant plants 3 DAT with accuracies of 62–100%. False‐positive and false‐negative classifications decreased with increasing DAT. We conclude that by the assessment of the Fv/Fm value in combination with the classification sensitive and resistant P. rhoeas and S. media populations could be separated 3 DAT. This technique can help to select effective control methods and speed up the monitoring process of susceptible and resistant weeds.

Herbicide Resistance and Management Options of Papaver rhoeas L. and Centaurea cyanus L. in Europe: A Review

“…Other characteristics, such as fresh weight accumulation, seed production and capsule number of the resistant populations grown under field conditions, were similar to those recorded for the susceptible populations [88]. Another study examined early biochemical differences in the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem apparatus (a light phase of photosynthesis) between biotypes of poppy susceptible and resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides, namely florasulam, metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl [105]. It turned out that three days after herbicide spraying, the TSR population of poppy exhibited the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) values similar to the untreated control, and these were about 20% higher than those of the sensitive plants in all herbicide treatments.…”

“…It turned out that three days after herbicide spraying, the TSR population of poppy exhibited the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) values similar to the untreated control, and these were about 20% higher than those of the sensitive plants in all herbicide treatments. This characteristic could provide the basis for early in-field detection of TSR poppy [105].…”

Apera spica‐venti in the Czech Republic develops resistance to three herbicide modes of action

“…Wang et al (2018) found significantly higher F v / F m values in resistant biotype of A. myosuroides than in the susceptible biotype at 3 days after treatment with ACCase, ALS and PSII inhibiting herbicides. Likewise, Linn et al (2019) successfully used the F v / F m parameter for the detection of herbicide resistant plants of Stellaria media L. Vill and Papaver rhoeas L. after ALS‐inhibiting herbicide treatment. The discrimination between susceptible and resistant plants was possible 3 DAT (three days after the treatment).…”

Biological Efficiency of the Application of Herbicides on Spring Barley in the Chernozem Region

“…Ballerina Forte, SE (complex 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2.4-D acid, 300 g/l, picloram, 37.5 g/l, and florasulam, 10 g/l.) is a herbicide with enhanced action used against perennial dicotyledonous and annual dicotyledonous weeds on grain crops and corn [6][7][8]. To determine the biological effectiveness of herbicides, we used the quantitative weight-related and quantitative methods of weed counting.…”