In-feed additives modulate ionotropic receptor genes from the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi: A comparative analysis in two host salmonid species

Núñez‐Acuña, Gustavo; Vera-Bizama, Freddy; Boltaña, Sebastián; Hawes, Christopher; Marambio, Jorge Pino; Wadsworth, Simón; Gallardo‐Escárate, Cristian

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.001

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These genes present specific expression profiles in sea lice depending on the host species they infect (Nuñez‐Acuña et al . ), with higher expression levels when the animals are infecting susceptible host species, such as the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar . In sea lice, these receptors are tightly linked to synapse gene cascades and neurotransmission pathways, which are also responsible for the presence of other chemicals present in the environment, such as antiparasitic drugs (Nuñez‐Acuña et al .…”

Section: Sea Louse: a “Hard To Kill” Parasitementioning

confidence: 99%

The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

Gallardo‐Escárate

Arriagada

Carrera

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Sea lice are a group of ectoparasite copepods negatively affecting fish health in the salmon farming industry worldwide. Due to their biology, including several stages of development with different sensitivities to chemotherapeutants and their complex host–parasite interactions, the control of sea lice represents one of the major obstacles for sustainable aquaculture. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to avoid the environmental impacts of antiparasites commercially used during the fish production cycle and the increasing emergence of drug resistance in lice populations. Herein, control methods based on genomic analyses will allow for the development of novel tools such as vaccines, immune‐modulators, in‐feed masking compounds and non‐pharmacological therapies. This review highlights the genomic knowledge on the race between hosts and sea lice, with emphasis on Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch as host fish species and Caligus rogercresseyi as the main threat affecting the Chilean salmon industry.

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Section: Sea Louse: a “Hard To Kill” Parasitementioning

confidence: 99%

The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

Gallardo‐Escárate

Arriagada

Carrera

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…The genome of the water flea, Daphnia pulex , has 85 IRs, though the anatomical location of these IRs is unknown [ 25 , 27 , 31 ]. Some co-receptor IRs have been identified in a number of crustaceans including clawed lobsters, Homarus americanus [ 39 ], spiny lobsters [ 40 , 41 ], hermit crabs [ 42 , 43 ], seven species of shrimp [ 44 ], and copepods [ 31 , 45 – 47 ]. The co-receptor IR25a is expressed in ORNs of the antennular lateral flagellum of H .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoreceptor proteins in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: Expression of Ionotropic Receptors, Gustatory Receptors, and TRP channels in two chemosensory organs and brain

et al. 2018

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The spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, has two classes of chemosensilla representing “olfaction” and “distributed chemoreception,” as is typical for decapod crustaceans. Olfactory sensilla are found exclusively on antennular lateral flagella and are innervated only by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that project into olfactory lobes organized into glomeruli in the brain. Distributed chemoreceptor sensilla are found on all body surfaces including the antennular lateral flagella (LF) and walking leg dactyls (dactyls), and are innervated by both chemoreceptor neurons (CRNs) and mechanoreceptor neurons that project into somatotopically organized neuropils. Here, we examined expression of three classes of chemosensory genes in transcriptomes of the LF (with ORNs and CRNs), dactyls (with only CRNs), and brain of P. argus: Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), which are related to ionotropic glutamate receptors and found in all protostomes including crustaceans; Gustatory Receptors (GRs), which are ionotropic receptors that are abundantly expressed in insects but more restricted in crustaceans; and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a diverse set of sensor-channels that include several chemosensors in diverse animals. We identified 108 IRs, one GR, and 18 homologues representing all seven subfamilies of TRP channels. The number of IRs expressed in the LF is far greater than in dactyls, possibly reflecting the contribution of receptor proteins associated with the ORNs beyond those associated with CRNs. We found co-receptor IRs (IR8a, IR25a, IR76b, IR93a) and conserved IRs (IR21a, IR40a) in addition to the numerous divergent IRs in the LF, dactyl, and brain. Immunocytochemistry showed that IR25a is expressed in ORNs, CRNs, and a specific type of cell located in the brain near the olfactory lobes. While the function of IRs, TRP channels, and the GR was not explored, our results suggest that P. argus has an abundance of diverse putative chemoreceptor proteins that it may use in chemoreception.

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“…An analysis of immunostimulation on the Caligid sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) identified four ionotropic receptors as differentially expressed in Atlantic salmon exposed to 1% peptidoglycan in-feed (Núñez-Acuña et al 2016). A tblastx search (e < 10 −10 ) of the L. salmonis transcriptome using these C. rogercresseyi sequences as a query resulted in the identification of their putative orthologues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–parasite transcriptomics during immunostimulant-enhanced rejection of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Sutherland

Covello

Friend

et al. 2017

FACETS

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Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are important ectoparasites of wild and farmed salmonids and cause major losses to the salmon farming industry throughout the Northern Hemisphere. With the emergence of resistance to several commonly used parasiticides, novel control strategies and integration of multiple treatment options are needed, including host immunostimulation. Here, we investigate the effects of a functional feed containing a peptidoglycan and nucleotide formulation on L. salmonis infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by characterizing lice infection levels, the expression of several host immune genes, and the parasite transcriptomic response to the immunostimulated host. Although initial infection intensities were low, the low dose (LD) immunostimulant diet reduced the total lice burden by 50% relative to controls. Immunostimulant fed hosts upregulated interleukin-1β in the skin and spleen. This gene has been implicated in successful responses of several salmonid species to salmon lice but is typically not observed in Atlantic salmon, suggesting a favorable influence on the immune response. Lice infecting LD immunostimulated salmon overexpressed genes putatively involved in parasite immunity, including carboxylesterases, and underexpressed genes putatively involved in feeding (e.g., proteases). These lice response genes further improve the characterization of the transcriptome of the non-model parasite by identifying genes potentially involved in evading host immunity.

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In-feed additives modulate ionotropic receptor genes from the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi: A comparative analysis in two host salmonid species

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

Chemoreceptor proteins in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: Expression of Ionotropic Receptors, Gustatory Receptors, and TRP channels in two chemosensory organs and brain

Host–parasite transcriptomics during immunostimulant-enhanced rejection of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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