In diffusion and electronic energy structure in polymer layers on In tin oxide

Skraba, P.; Bratina, Gvido; Igarashi, Satoru; Nohira, Hiroshi; Hirose, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.02.034

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, several reports suggest that the acidic nature of PEDOT:PSS can negatively affect interfacial stability because it can react with ITO to cause the diffusion of In ions into both PEDOT:PSS and the active layer, which will degrade both materials. 92,93 In addition, the diffusion of silver into PEDOT:PSS to form electrical shorting paths was also reported for the inverted cells (Fig. 5a and b).…”

Section: Improving Interfacial Stability Between the Active Layer And...supporting

confidence: 52%

Recent advances in solution-processed interfacial materials for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Yip

Jen

2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

1,021

929

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article provides an overview on the recent development of solution processed organic, inorganic, and hybrid interfacial materials for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. The introduction of proper interfacial materials to optimize the electronic and electrical properties between the interfaces of the light-harvesting active layer and the charge-collecting electrode has become an important criterion to improve the performance of polymer solar cells. The electronic processes at these interfaces play a critical role in determining the efficiency for photon-to-electricity conversion. An ideal interface requires the formation of Ohmic contact with minimum resistance and high charge selectivity to prevent charge carriers from reaching the opposite electrodes. For long-term stability of polymer solar cells, interfaces with matched surface energy are required to prevent interfacial dewetting and delamination. Several classes of interfacial materials including inorganic metal oxides, crosslinkable charge-transporting materials, conjugated polymer electrolytes, self-assembled functional molecules, and graphene-based materials are highlighted and the integration of these interfacial materials with new low bandgap polymers and fullerene derivatives as active materials in different device architectures is also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Improving Interfacial Stability Between the Active Layer And...supporting

confidence: 52%

Recent advances in solution-processed interfacial materials for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Yip

Jen

2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

1,021

929

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The In diffuses easily from ITO into the PEDOT:PSS to an atomic concentration of 1.3% 6 0.1% but abruptly decreases at the active polymer layer boundary to 0.03% 6 0.01%, in agreement with previous reports. 16,17 The peaks from the 6-month-old In-OPV device are closest in position and shape to that of the native In oxide on the un-etched In foil. In comparison, the peaks of the 24-hour-old In device are much narrower.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-lasting flexible organic solar cells stored and tested entirely in air

Omrane

Landrock

Chuo

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report on improved stability of poly(3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction solar cells using an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and an indium metal cathode. Except for the ITO anode the devices are fabricated, stored, and tested entirely in air without encapsulation, exhibiting less than 10% loss in power conversion efficiency after 200 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that this improvement in ambient stability is correlated with the diffusion of indium from the cathode into the active polymer. The In oxidizes presumably resulting in a reduction in P3HT polymer chain degradation.

show abstract

“…[ 103,104 ] This instability arises as both indium and tin ions migrate into the acidic PEDOT:PSS layer, inducing new electronic states and resulting in diminished performance. [ 104,105 ] Similarly, back electrode diffusion has also been observed as commonly used Ag, Al, and Ca have been found to diffuse into the neighboring charge transport layer and also further into the active layer. [ 106–108 ] These diffusion pathways are illustrated in Figure 5 , indicating both a conventional and inverted OPV arrangement.…”

Section: Degradation Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Emerging Barrier Materials and Encapsulation Strategies for Flexible Perovskite and Organic Photovoltaics

Sutherland

Weerasinghe

Simon

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have undergone rapid development within the last decade, exhibiting exciting properties such as high efficiency, flexibility, and the potential for large‐scale fabrication through roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processing. Despite this, operational stability is recognized to be an ongoing challenge as prolonged device lifetimes are scarcely observed. This instability can be narrowed down to both “intrinsic degradation” and “extrinsic degradation,” with exposure to moisture and oxygen having detrimental effects on device performance. A means of delaying the degradation of flexible PSC and OPV devices is through barrier encapsulation. Despite glass encapsulation exhibiting ideal barrier properties, the potential for flexible devices and high‐throughput R2R fabrication requires the development of flexible barrier materials and encapsulation strategies. These barriers must demonstrate outstanding moisture permeation resistance, high transparency, chemical and thermal stability, and must be able to withstand repeated mechanical deformation. Herein, the fundamental principles of PSC and OPV devices are initially discussed, highlighting the degradation mechanisms and current stability obstacles. A review of the latest flexible barrier materials and encapsulation strategies follows, introducing stability studies that have been undertaken on flexible PSCs and OPV, along with suggestions as to the direction that future research may take.

show abstract

In diffusion and electronic energy structure in polymer layers on In tin oxide

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Recent advances in solution-processed interfacial materials for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Recent advances in solution-processed interfacial materials for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Long-lasting flexible organic solar cells stored and tested entirely in air

A Review on Emerging Barrier Materials and Encapsulation Strategies for Flexible Perovskite and Organic Photovoltaics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About