In-Beam Measurements of the Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction in Cadmium Metal

Bleck, J.; Butt, R.; Haas, H.; Ribbe, Wolfgang; Zeitz, W.‐D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.29.1371

Cited by 47 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Our second series of measurements, using digital frequency measurement and improved temperature control, was triggered by the fact that the frequencies at 473 K and 543 K appeared to deviate from the data in [14] by more than the combined temperature and frequency uncertainty. In addition, in their pioneering study of EFG temperature dependence for Cd in Cd [25], the authors of reference [14] made a serious temperature error, later corrected in [4]. Our new, precise data, however, fully agree with their results for Cd in Zn.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…For metallic solids, on the other hand, the applications of a radiofrequency technique like NQR are severely limited, and therefore, only very few systems could be investigated earlier. With the introduction of perturbed angular correlation (PAC) [3] and perturbed angular distribution (PAD) [4] spectroscopy in the early 1970s, these limitations disappeared. In addition, such nuclear methods also allow the study of impurities, even at extreme dilutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confirming the Unusual Temperature Dependence of the Electric-Field Gradient in Zn

et al. 2022

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The electric-field gradient (EFG) at nuclei in solids is a sensitive probe of the charge distribution. Experimental data, which previously only existed in insulators, have been available for metals with the development of nuclear measuring techniques since about 1970. An early, systematic investigation of the temperature dependence of the EFG in metals, originally based on results for Cd, but then also extended to various other systems, has suggested a proportionality to T3/2. However, later measurements in the structurally and electronically similar material Zn, which demonstrated much more complex behavior, were largely ignored at the time. The present experimental effort has confirmed the reliability of this unexpected behavior, which was previously unexplained.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirming the Unusual Temperature Dependence of the Electric-Field Gradient in Zn

et al. 2022

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“…The deviations of the low tem pera ture PAD data [17] from the intrinsic curve are connected with the defects mentioned above. At high tem peratures the original PAC data [18] suffered from a trivial experimental problem.…”

Section: C) T[°k]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrupole Interaction in Metals: Nuclear Methods

Haas

1986

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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Nuclear techniques offer the unique possibility to investigate the hyperfine interaction at isolated im purities in matter. Electric field gradients at impurities in metals have now been determined in numerous systems. An overview o f the various techniques -perturbed angular correlation/distribution. M össbauer spectroscopy, nuclear orientation -is presented. For spimpurities in sim ple metals the results show a very clear pattern that can be understood in terms o f the local density o f states. Several recent applications o f nuclear methods to more complicated systems like alloys, point defects, diffusion, and surfaces are discussed. A) Methods Historical IntroductionOne of the most im portant discoveries o f atom ic physics was the observation of the splitting of optical lines by the interaction of the electrons with the nuclear moments. For many years the m easure ment of this hyperfine interaction was only possible in free atoms. The determ ination of nuclear spins, magnetic moments, and later quadrupole moments of stable ground states has been very im portant in the process of achieving an understanding o f the structure of nuclei.The detection of N M R in condensed m atter [1] opened up a completely new field, the use of nuclear moments in the investigation of liquids and solids. Four years later followed the first deter minations of quadrupole coupling constants [2], The electric field gradient, EFG, is actually one of the most informative aspects of hyperfine interactions in solids we know today.Not or the use of particle accelerators was necessary, only few laboratories could perform such experi ments. When the M ößbauer effect was discovered [7], if found almost immediate w idespread applica tion, largely due to the fact that the solid samples studied did not have to contain radioactivity.The steady improvement in experimental equip ment and facilities has now led to the situation that all the nuclear techniques, historically more direct ed toward nuclear moment measurements, can be routinely applied for solid state studies. Since generally only a small num ber of probe atoms ( 10 8-10 14) are needed and high energy radiation is detected, these methods are especially suited for the investigation of impurities, primarily in metals. The internal magnetic field at impurities are of great value in all studies of magnetism, a very active area of solid state physics at present. This review is con cerned with the quadrupole interaction at im pu rities in metals, perhaps the most im portant con tribution of the nuclear methods, particularly when the many applications are considered. Overview of MethodsIn all studies of hyperfine interactions in solids one measures the splitting of the nuclear sublevels in the field acting on the nucleus. The techniques may be classified according to the way in which these energy separations, typically of order 100 MHz, are determined: a) Direct spectroscopy (N M R /N Q R ): Quanta corresponding to the transition energy are absorbed, emitted or scattered by the system. For RF...

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“…gives a strong argument, that the negative value is correct. In the temperature K94 physica status solidi (b) 61 range from T = 0 to T = 596 K (meltingpoint of Cd) the interaction frequency 0 (CdCd) decreases by 29% (11,12), while the lattice part of the electric field gradient (CdCdJ decreases by 29% (11,12), while the lattice part of the electric field gradient increases by about 12%. That means that with F the electric to T by more than 70% but in the case of F S CE opinion that a decrease of 70% of the electronic part, caused only by a change of the lattice constants and the thermal vibrational amplitudes (13), is too large.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Therefore with reference to the conduction electron distribution in M g the Cd atom is a small disturbance and we can assume that F ( M g s ) Cd M g ) . The different core in the case of CdMg is considered by the correspond--FCE ing Sternheimer antishielding factor (according to(11) rm(Mg ) = -3.35 and +0…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quadrupole Interaction of Cd¹¹¹ in Polycrystalline Magnesium Measured with PAC

Andreeff

Hunger

Unterricker

1974

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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In-Beam Measurements of the Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction in Cadmium Metal

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Confirming the Unusual Temperature Dependence of the Electric-Field Gradient in Zn

Confirming the Unusual Temperature Dependence of the Electric-Field Gradient in Zn

Quadrupole Interaction in Metals: Nuclear Methods

The Quadrupole Interaction of Cd¹¹¹ in Polycrystalline Magnesium Measured with PAC

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In-Beam Measurements of the Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction in Cadmium Metal

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Confirming the Unusual Temperature Dependence of the Electric-Field Gradient in Zn

Confirming the Unusual Temperature Dependence of the Electric-Field Gradient in Zn

Quadrupole Interaction in Metals: Nuclear Methods

The Quadrupole Interaction of Cd111 in Polycrystalline Magnesium Measured with PAC

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The Quadrupole Interaction of Cd¹¹¹ in Polycrystalline Magnesium Measured with PAC