In-air micro-proton-induced X-ray/gamma-ray emission analysis of the acid resistance of root dentin after applying fluoride-containing materials incorporating calcium

Abstract

This study employed an in-air micro-proton-induced X-ray/gamma-ray emission system to assess the effectiveness of fluoridecontaining materials (FCMs) incorporating calcium in preventing root caries. Dentin surfaces of human third molars were coated with one of three FCMs: fluoride-releasing glass-ionomer cement (F7) and experimental materials in which half (P1) or all (P2) of the strontium in F7 was replaced with calcium. Dentin without FCM coating served as the control. Specimens were immersed in saline at 37°C for 1 month, sectioned, and then demineralized. Calcium loss after demineralization was lower in the Ca-substituted groups than in the Ca-unsubstituted groups (p<0.05). Calcium loss was negatively correlated with fluoride uptake (p<0.01). In the F7, P1, and P2 groups, the retraction of the dentin surface was significantly suppressed as compared with the control group. FCMs incorporating calcium improved the acid resistance of root dentin and could help prevent root caries.

Analyzing the anti-caries effect of fluoride varnish containing tricalcium phosphate using PIXE/PIGE

“…Our previous study had shown that calcium fluoride-like deposits may form on the root surface after application of fluoride-containing cements incorporating calcium 18) . Many studies have also identified calcium fluoride-like deposits as the most important reversible source of fluoride on the tooth surface [36][37][38][39][40] .…”

“…Regular application of varnish as professional care, in addition to the use of fluoridecontaining toothpaste for self-care, can further enhance its preventive effect on root surface caries 17) . In our previous report 18) , we found that fluoride-containing filling materials that incorporate calcium significantly improve the acid resistance of root dentin and could prevent root caries. Moreover, the addition of calcium to glass ionomer cements reduced mineral loss when immersed in a demineralizing solution, and the uptake of fluoride ions into the dentin was not altered.…”

“…However, TMR is unable to capture changes over time since the specimen is cut into thin slices and destroyed during measurement. In our previous studies 10,18) , we have successfully established a multi-element sequential measurement method on the in-air micro-proton induced X-ray and gamma-ray emission (PIXE/PIGE) system to determine the distribution and concentration of calcium and fluoride ions in human dentin specimens.…”

Optimization of external (in air) particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) methodology for rapid, non-destructive, and simultaneous quantification of fluorine, sodium, and phosphorus in nuclear waste immobilization matrices

“…4). For (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) nA change in proton current, cps ( 181 Ta(p,p ′ g) 181 Ta) varied linearly within a small range (5-60 cps), whereas for N(p,p ′ g) 14 N, cps increases with increasing beam current up to 10 nA, aer which no such signicant variation in cps was observed. This ensured that N 2 from air could be used as effective current normalizer in the external PIGE method with uctuations in proton current from (5-10) nA.…”

“…13,14 Low Z elements, like phosphorus, have been quantied directly on solid samples by electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. 15 In recent years, Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) 16,17 or Micro-PIGE 18 is a well-known nuclear analytical technique for uorine determination in solid matrices. PIGE is such an online nuclear analytical technique where accelerators are used for nuclear reactions like (p,p ′ g), (p,ag) or (p, ng).…”