Impurity Distribution During Electrolytic Refining of Antimony

Selivanov, E. N.; Сергеева, С. В.; Korolev, A. A.; Тимофеев, К. Л.; Krayukhin, S. A.; Pikulin, K. V.

doi:10.1007/s11015-021-01105-0

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Where n is the electron transfer number, F is the Faraday constant (96485 C mol ¹1 ), C 0 is the In 3+ concentration (mol L ¹1 ), S is the working electrode surface area (cm 2 ), D In 3þ is the diffusion coefficient (cm 2 s ¹1 ), I is the current intensity (A), ¸is the transition time (s), and O = 3.14. Electrochemistry, 90 (8), 087007 (2022) Figure 7 shows that the current intensity has an excellent linear relationship with the transition time ¸¹1/2 , which further proves that the diffusion step controls the electrochemical reduction process of In 3+ on the cathode surface. In the irreversible system, the diffusion coefficient of In 3+ in a pure indium sulfate system can be calculated according to Eq.…”

Section: Chronoamperometrymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…At the step potential of ¹0.75 V to ¹1.05 V, the nucleation mechanism of indium changes from progressive nucleation to instantaneous nucleation with the addition of Sn 2+ . Electrochemistry, 90 (8), 087007 (2022)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Electrorefining of the aqueous solution with its simple conditions, low pollution, sustainability, and easy control of reaction conditions has attracted attention and has been studied widely. 8 Kang et al 9 recovered indium with solvent extraction and electrolytic refining method. The obtained electrolyte was purified by electrolytic refining, and the purity of indium reached 99.997 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Tin Ion on Electrodeposition Behavior of Indium

Hou

WANG

et al. 2022

Electrochemistry

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Electrorefining is an effective method for preparing high-purity indium. To realize the control of impurity Sn in crude indium electrolytic refining, electrochemical test methods, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA) were mainly used to study the electrochemical behavior of indium. The results show that when a few of SnSO 4 was added to the electrolyte containing indium sulfate, in the meantime, the Sn 2+ concentration reached 5000 ppm, in the electrolysis process, the impurity Sn in the cathode was appeared to precipitate before the indium precipitated. The electrodeposition of indium was irreversible, controlled by diffusion steps, and In 3+ reduction was carried out by fractional steps, transferring one electron at a time. The diffusion coefficient of In 3+ calculated by cyclic voltammetry was 1.02 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s, and the average charge transfer coefficient was 0.081. The nucleation mechanism of indium conformed to three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation. The results provide theoretical guidance for electrolytic refining of crude indium and electrochemical regulation of impurities.

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Section: Chronoamperometrymentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Tin Ion on Electrodeposition Behavior of Indium

Hou

WANG

et al. 2022

Electrochemistry

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Improving the Control and Management System for the Parameters of Electrolytic Copper Refining

Nguyen Huy Hoang,

Bazhin

2023

Russ. Metall.

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Improvement of monitoring and control system for copper electrolytic refining parameters

Hoang

Bazhin

2023

Izv.VUZ. Tsvet. Met.

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The utilization of modern automated control systems in copper cathode production offers the opportunity for remote access to control and regulate the electrolytic process parameters. This, in turn, enhances production efficiency while reducing energy costs. The significant parameters in copper electrolytic refining encompass the temperature and composition of the electrolyte, the circulation rate of the electrolyte, the level of sludge, and the frequency of short circuits occurring between the electrodes and the current density. These parameters directly impact the quantity and volume of cathode sludge. The occurrence of short circuits within the bath arises from the growth of dendrites, necessitating the monitoring of voltage, composition, and temperature of the electrolyte. Regular analysis of the electrolyte's composition and the accumulation of sludge volume at the bottom of the electrolyzer is also necessary. The intensification of the electrolysis process primarily involves increasing the current density, reducing the electrode spacing, enhancing the quality of electrodes, improving the electrolyte circulation system, and further mechanizing and automating the process and its auxiliary operations. These efforts contribute to increased productivity. The objective of this study is to expand the capabilities of automated process control systems by incorporating sludge level control sensors. This aims to mitigate irrecoverable losses resulting from dendritic sludge short circuits on the electrodes located in the lower section of the electrolyzer, utilizing new software. A sludge level control method to prevent short circuits has been investigated, and control software employing float-type level sensors has been developed. This measure is projected to decrease energy consumption by 15–20 % and can be effectively implemented in the production of electrolytic copper at the copper smelting plant in Lao Cai, Vietnam.

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Impurity Distribution During Electrolytic Refining of Antimony

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Tin Ion on Electrodeposition Behavior of Indium

Effect of Tin Ion on Electrodeposition Behavior of Indium

Improving the Control and Management System for the Parameters of Electrolytic Copper Refining

Improvement of monitoring and control system for copper electrolytic refining parameters

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