Impurities arising from the use of XAD-2 resin for the extraction of organic pollutants in drinking water

James, Hutchinson; Steel, C. P.; Wilson, Ian D.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)87966-2

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…containing XAD resin (total bed height, 28.6 cm) at a flow rate of 80 drops/min ( Fig. 1) (James et al, 1981). XAD-2 and XAD-8 resins were used in series in separate columns or in combination in one column.…”

Section: Generation Of Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of Aqueous Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide with Tryptophan, N‐Methyltryptophan, and 3‐Indolelactic Acid: Kinetic and Mutagenicity Studies

Sen

Owusu-Yaw

Wheeler

1989

Journal of Food Science

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Reactions of tryptophan, N-methyltryptophan and 3-indolelactic acid with aqueous chlorine or chlorine dioxide (CIO,) in O.lM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, were investigated to determine any structural relationships with regards to kinetics and mutagenicity. The rcaction with CIOz followed pseudo-first order kinetics, with the halflife of the respective compounds being 36, 22, and 8 milliseconds. The formation of a dark precipitate in the reaction of tryptophan with HOC1 precluded any kinetic comparison. The reaction products of tryptophan with hypochlorous acid (HOCI) or CR& were mutagenic to Solmoneffu fyphimurium TA98 and TAIOO; while those of N-mcthyltryptophan with HOCI and CIOz were mom mutagenic toward TA98. Higher recoveries of the reaction products were achieved by passing the acidified (pH 2.5) mixture through an XAD-g/XAD-2 resin column.

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Section: Generation Of Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of Aqueous Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide with Tryptophan, N‐Methyltryptophan, and 3‐Indolelactic Acid: Kinetic and Mutagenicity Studies

Sen

Owusu-Yaw

Wheeler

1989

Journal of Food Science

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“…resin adsorption. Treated water samples {300 L) were passed through columns containing 100 mL of resin, prepared as published previously (11), at a flow rate of 500 mL/min. They were then eluted with 250 mL of ethyl ether, and the eluate was concentrated on a Kuderna-Danish apparatus to achieve a concentration factor of 4 Χ 10 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for the Fractionation and Identification of Mutagens Produced by Water Treatment Chlorination

Horth

Crathorne

Gwilliam

et al. 1986

Advances in Chemistry

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Byproducts of the chlorination of treated water, humic acids, and amino acids were shown to be mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 in the fluctuation test. A two-stage fractionation procedure, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with the fluctuation test, was developed. Several mutagenic fractions were obtained from an XAD extract of chlorinated water; this result indicated the presence of several mutagens. The mutagenic activities of extracts of different chlorinated amino acids were compared. The products identified by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry did not account for the mutagenic activity. However, additional products were detected by HPLC with UV detection in extracts of chlorinated tyrosine and phenylalanine. (1-3). Compounds that are widely distributed in the aquatic environment, such as humic substances and amino acids, have been found to react with chlorine to produce mutagenic compounds (4, 5). These compounds may account for at least some of the mutagenic activity of extracts of drinking waters. CONCENTRATED EXTRACTS OF MANY DRINKING WATERS in the United Kingdom and elsewhere are mutagenic as observed in bacterial assaysBecause a good correlation is found between mutagenicity (as detected in bacterial assays such as the Ames test) and carcinogenicity (as observed in laboratory animal tests) (6), mutagenicity detected in water extracts indicates the possibility of a carcinogenic hazard.

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“…34 " 37 Also, the number of reports regarding the XAD-concentration and subsequent bioassay of (so far unknown) organic mutagens in waste water, surface water, and drinking water is steadily growing (see Section III.). The suitability of the XAD-4/ 8 resins in combination with the Ames test for the detection of organic mutagens in surface water and drinking water in The Netherlands has also been Downloaded by [University of Cambridge] at 09: 57 17 June 2016 shown in our Institute by Kool et al 38 ' 39 However, also with these resins one has to be aware of possible artefacts arising from the procedure 40 and care should be taken that proper blanks and controls are incorporated in the assay. Finally, several multicomponent systems using combinations of the three main concentration techniques have been developed in order to recover most of the nonvolatile organics.…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 93%

Toxicology assessment of organic compounds in drinking water

Kool¹,

Kreijl²,

Zoeteman³

et al. 1982

C R C Critical Reviews in Environmental Control

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Impurities arising from the use of XAD-2 resin for the extraction of organic pollutants in drinking water

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Reactions of Aqueous Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide with Tryptophan, N‐Methyltryptophan, and 3‐Indolelactic Acid: Kinetic and Mutagenicity Studies

Reactions of Aqueous Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide with Tryptophan, N‐Methyltryptophan, and 3‐Indolelactic Acid: Kinetic and Mutagenicity Studies

Techniques for the Fractionation and Identification of Mutagens Produced by Water Treatment Chlorination

Toxicology assessment of organic compounds in drinking water

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