Impulsivity in sexual offenders. New ideas or back to basics?

Abstract

Despite the fact that the group of sexual offenders remains a population which is still difficult to study, the results of current research are considered novel and interesting. Surprisingly, the very old descriptions applying to paraphilia, which is considered to be one of the reasons of sexual offences, appear to be accurate, especially in the context of similarities between impulsivity and pathologic sexual behaviors. Notably, the nomenclature concerning impulsivity enables a specific and reasonable description of behaviors associated with sexual offences. Moreover, the results of research studies show that it is the lack of inhibition, not pathologic arousal, which is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of forbidden sexual behaviors. In addition, it has been shown that behavioral manifestations of impulsivity (substance abuse, suicide attempts) appear commonly in sexual offenders. Mutual relationships between alcohol drinking, suicide attempts, history of child sexual abuse and sexual offences, both in symptomatologic and etiologic aspect, raise a suggestion that all these phenomena may share a common background of poor inhibitory control.

History of sexual abuse and suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent patients

“…According to some studies, prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in this group of participants may be even 70 – 90% (Beisert, 2011). This fact remains one of the basics of the abused abuser theory (Krasowska et al, 2013). Although we did not collect information regarding the number of perpetrators in our sample, alcohol-dependent patients with a childhood abuse history were more likely to have parents with alcohol problems than those without such as history.…”

Paraphilic Sexual Offenders Do Not Differ from Control Subjects with Respect to Dopamine- and Serotonin-Related Genetic Polymorphisms

“…Rape and pedophilic child molestation are the most commonly convicted sexual offenses in Poland. 1 The true prevalence of these sexual offenses is difficult to establish because of under-reporting and lack of careful documentation. Despite prevalence rates, which are likely to be highly underestimated, the problem of sexual criminality, especially pedophilic childhood molestation, raises widespread discussions concerning human nature and desires and the scope of provided interventions.…”

“…Importantly, a significant association between substance use and the risk of sexual offense is well known and established. 1 Also, recent evidence has documented that paraphilic disorders can emerge as relatively uncommon iatrogenic consequences in individuals with Parkinson disease who have symptoms of severe DA deficits. 21 Considering the dearth of candidate gene studies in the field of paraphilia and sexual offenses, 11 the aim of this study was to analyze and compare functional polymorphisms of genes associated with the activity of the 5-HT and DA systems in a group of paraphilic sexual offenders and control subjects.…”

Cyclodextrin functionalization of several cellulosic substrates for prolonged release of antibacterial agents

“…6,9,11 As a result, these molecules have found a number of applications in a wide range of fields thanks to their encapsulation ability. [12][13][14] In addition to the above-mentioned pharmaceutical applications for drug release, b-CDs can be used in environmental protection; they can effectively immobilize toxic compounds like trichloroethane or heavy metals inside their rings, or they can form complexes with stable substances like trichlorfon (an organophosphorus insecticide), or sewage sludge, enhancing their decomposition. 15,16 Other interesting applications arise from their ability to form inclusion complexes with fragrance/flavor materials like menthol to obtain, for example, polymeric fibers with odor properties.…”

“…β‐CDs are able to form host–guest complexes with hydrophobic molecules given the unique nature imparted by their structure 6, 9, 11. As a result, these molecules have found a number of applications in a wide range of fields thanks to their encapsulation ability 12–14. In addition to the above‐mentioned pharmaceutical applications for drug release, β‐CDs can be used in environmental protection; they can effectively immobilize toxic compounds like trichloroethane or heavy metals inside their rings, or they can form complexes with stable substances like trichlorfon (an organophosphorus insecticide), or sewage sludge, enhancing their decomposition 15, 16.…”