Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilisation

Blum, A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4896-2_19

Cited by 218 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Herrero and Johnson 1981;Ekanayake et al 1989;Gan et al 2004), as well as low single grain weight due to bad grain filling significantly reduce the sink capacity of grains and impair overall crop yield (e.g. Bolaños and Edmeades 1993;Blum 1998;Gooding et al 2003). …”

Section: Plant Properties and Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

426

234

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Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

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Section: Plant Properties and Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

426

234

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“…In either situation, when water deficit is finally experienced, desired traits include the abilities to: (i) reduce water loss to the soil and the air; (ii) maintain turgor for an extended period; (iii) survive the loss of turgor; and (iv) protect cells against oxidative damage caused by continued absorption of radiation under conditions where stomatal closure prevents photosynthesis. When water is restored, the plants must be able to recover photosynthetic activity and growth, and they must allocate a large fraction of fixed carbon (either stored from before drought stress or synthesized after stress) to grain, fruit and tuber production (Blum, 1998;Richards, 2000).…”

Section: Why Is Breeding For Drought Tolerance Currently Inefficient?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for increasing water productivity of CGIAR crops through plant breeding and molecular biology.

Bennett

2003

Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement

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This paper focuses on the opportunities for increasing crop water productivity through breeding. The first section takes a general look at water use by plants and by farmers and the implications of these uses for water productivity at the crop level. The second section discusses the opportunities for increasing water productivity by focusing on four types of trait (minimize non-transpirational uses of water in agriculture, reduce transpiration without reducing production, increase production without increasing transpiration, and use of cheaper water and less water management). The third section focuses of breeding for drought tolerance and the prospects for improving breeding efficiency through genomics.

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“…Flag leaf photosynthesis alone cannot support both respiration and grain growth under such a condition (Rawson et al 1983). Hence, an important source of carbon for grain-filling is the stem reserves (Blum 1998;Ehdaie et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demand by the grain yield sink is a primary factor in determining stem reserve mobilization (Blum 1998). The reported contribution of WSCs to yield varies greatly with the environment, growing conditions and cultivar and can range from 10 to 20% under non-stressed conditions (Shearman et al 2005) and up to 50% under severe stress (Blum 1998). For this reason, ability to store and mobilize large amounts of stem WSCs constitutes a seemingly desirable trait to incorporate in germplasm where terminal drought occurs frequently (Dreccer et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential response of wild and cultivated wheats to water deficits during grain development: changes in soluble carbohydrates and invertases

Suneja

Gupta

Sharma

et al. 2015

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Wheat, staple food crop of the world, is sensitive to drought, especially during the grain-filling period. Water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), stem reserve mobilization and higher invertase activity in the developing grains are important biochemical traits for breeding wheat to enhance tolerance to terminal drought. These traits were studied for three accessions of Triticum dicoccoides(a tetraploid wheat progenitor species) -acc 7054 (EC 171812), acc 7079 (EC 171837) and acc 14004 (G-194-3 M-6 M) selected previously on the basis of grain filling characteristics. Check wheat cultivars-PBW-343 (a popular bread wheat cultivar for irrigated environments) and C-306 (widely adapted variety for rain-fed agriculture) were also included in this set. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for the content of water soluble carbohydrates, activity of acid invertase and alkaline invertase. Acc 7079 was found to be a very efficient mobilizer of water soluble carbohydrates (236.43 mg g -1 peduncle DW) when averaged over irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Acid invertase activity revealed marked genotypic differences between wild and cultivated wheats. Alkaline invertase activity was highest in Acc 7079 when pooled across both the environments. On the whole, acc 7079 qualifies as a suitable donor for enhancing tolerance of bread wheat to terminal drought. The association of physiobiochemical differences observed with grain filling attributes on one hand and molecular markers on the other could be of use in improving wheat for water stress conditions.

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Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilisation

Cited by 218 publications

References 32 publications

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Opportunities for increasing water productivity of CGIAR crops through plant breeding and molecular biology.

Differential response of wild and cultivated wheats to water deficits during grain development: changes in soluble carbohydrates and invertases

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