Improving Virtual Reality Streaming using HTTP/2

Petrangeli, Stefano; Swaminathan, Viswanathan; Hosseini, Mohammad; Turck, Filip De

doi:10.1145/3083187.3083224

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Each tile can be projected in different representations to allow for quality adaptation. However, requesting each tile individually may increase the number of requests tremendously, which could be addressed by the server push feature of HTTP/2 as suggested in [180]. A number of open issues are also discussed by Graf et al [179] ranging from encoding/streaming issues to QoE.…”

Section: Immersive Media Streamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Bitrate Adaptation Schemes for Streaming Media Over HTTP

Bentaleb

Taani

Begen

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

349

157

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In this survey, we present state-of-the-art bitrate adaptation algorithms for HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS). As a key distinction from other streaming approaches, the bitrate adaptation algorithms in HAS are chiefly executed at each client, i.e., in a distributed manner. The objective of these algorithms is to ensure a high quality of experience (QoE) for viewers in the presence of bandwidth fluctuations due to factors like signal strength, network congestion, network reconvergence events, etc. While such fluctuations are common in public Internet, they can also occur in home networksor even managed networks where there is often admission control and QoS tools. Bitrate adaptation algorithms may take factors like bandwidth estimations, playback buffer fullness, device features, viewer preferences, and content features into account, albeit with different weights. Since the viewer's QoE needs to be determined in real-time during playback, objective metrics are generally used including number of buffer stalls, duration of startup delay, frequency and amount of quality oscillations, and video instability. By design, the standards for HAS do not mandate any particular adaptation algorithm, leaving it to system builders to innovate and implement their own method. This survey provides an overview of the different methods proposed over the last several years.

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Section: Immersive Media Streamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Bitrate Adaptation Schemes for Streaming Media Over HTTP

Bentaleb

Taani

Begen

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

349

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[7] inves-tigated the fundamental trade-offs between spatial size of the quality-emphasized regions and the aggregate video bit-rate. To reduce the influence of network delays on tiled streaming with many requests from the client, the server push functionality of the HTTP/2 protocol together with a viewport prediction algorithm has been used [25,26]. Moreover, Naik et.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Live and On-Demand Tiled HEVC 360 VR Video Streaming

Griwodz

Jeppsson

Espeland

et al. 2019

Int. J. Semantic Computing

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360∘ panorama video displayed through Virtual Reality (VR) glasses or large screens offers immersive user experiences, but as such technology becomes commonplace, the need for efficient streaming methods of such high-bitrate videos arises. In this respect, the attention that 360∘ panorama video has received lately is huge. Many methods have already been proposed, and in this paper, we shed more light on the different trade-offs in order to save bandwidth while preserving the video quality in the user’s field-of-view (FoV). Using 360∘ VR content delivered to a Gear VR head-mounted display with a Samsung Galaxy S7 and to a Huawei Q22 set-top-box, we have tested various tiling schemes analyzing the tile layout, the tiling and encoding overheads, mechanisms for faster quality switching beyond the DASH segment boundaries and quality selection configurations. In this paper, we present an efficient end-to-end design and real-world implementation of such a 360∘ streaming system. Furthermore, in addition to researching an on-demand system, we also go beyond the existing on-demand solutions and present a live streaming system which strikes a trade-off between bandwidth usage and the video quality in the user’s FoV. We have created an architecture that combines RTP and DASH, and our system multiplexes a single HEVC hardware decoder to provide faster quality switching than at the traditional GOP boundaries. We demonstrate the performance and illustrate the trade-offs through real-world experiments where we can report comparable bandwidth savings to existing on-demand approaches, but with faster quality switches when the FoV changes.

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“…The proposed framework has been implemented as a prototype on a Samsung Galaxy S7 and a Gear VR [12]. A high-level description of the prototype is given in Figure 2.…”

Section: Performance Evaluation 41 Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

An HTTP/2-Based Adaptive Streaming Framework for 360° Virtual Reality Videos

Petrangeli

Swaminathan

Hosseini

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Multimedia

Self Cite

138

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Virtual Reality (VR) devices are becoming accessible to a large public, which is going to increase the demand for 360°VR videos. VR videos are often characterized by a poor quality of experience, due to the high bandwidth required to stream the 360°video. To overcome this issue, we spatially divide the VR video into tiles, so that each temporal segment is composed of several spatial tiles. Only the tiles belonging to the viewport, the region of the video watched by the user, are streamed at the highest quality. The other tiles are instead streamed at a lower quality. We also propose an algorithm to predict the future viewport position and minimize quality transitions during viewport changes. The video is delivered using the server push feature of the HTTP/2 protocol. Instead of retrieving each tile individually, the client issues a single push request to the server, so that all the required tiles are automatically pushed back to back. This approach allows to increase the achieved throughput, especially in mobile, high RTT networks. In this paper, we detail the proposed framework and present a prototype developed to test its performance using real-world 4G bandwidth traces. Particularly, our approach can save bandwidth up to 35% without severely impacting the quality viewed by the user, when compared to a traditional non-tiled VR streaming solution. Moreover, in high RTT conditions, our HTTP/2 approach can reach 3 times the throughput of tiled streaming over HTTP/1.1, and consistently reduce freeze time. These results represent a major improvement for the e cient delivery of 360°VR videos over the Internet.

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Improving Virtual Reality Streaming using HTTP/2

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

A Survey on Bitrate Adaptation Schemes for Streaming Media Over HTTP

A Survey on Bitrate Adaptation Schemes for Streaming Media Over HTTP

Efficient Live and On-Demand Tiled HEVC 360 VR Video Streaming

An HTTP/2-Based Adaptive Streaming Framework for 360° Virtual Reality Videos

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