Improving the optical and electroactive response of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) spin-coated films for sensor and actuator applications

Cardoso, V. F.; Costa, Carlos M.; Minas, Graça; Lanceros‐Méndez, S.

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/21/8/085020

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The calculated fraction of β phase is listed in Table . The β‐phase fraction of these biaxially stretched samples are all above 50%, which is good enough for sensor and actuator applications . The optimal condition is at temperature of 80 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Characteristic analysis of biaxially stretched PVDF thin films

Ting¹,

Suprapto²,

Chiu³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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By use of biaxial stretching process of poly(vinylidene fluoride) fabrication to gain high piezoelectricity is the focus in this article. The influence of different stretch ratio and temperature are investigated and compared to uniaxial stretching process. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction are used to observe the β‐phase fraction and the degree of crystallinity. The piezoelectric coefficients (d33, d31) and the sensitivity are also measured. All the above characteristic examinations show the same consequences that equi‐biaxial stretching process employed with same stretch ratio in both axial directions of poly(vinylidene fluoride) fabrication is the focus in this article. And heating temperature would have adequate piezoelectricity approximate to uniaxial stretching. In observation of surface morphology by using scanning electron microscopy, uniformity in biaxial direction is gained. However, biaxial stretching with higher stretch ratio of R = 4 × 4 would produce porosity and crack. Via atomic force microscopy, biaxial stretching with higher stretch ratio attains better surface chain orientation and smoothness. To sum up, the biaxial stretching approach has the advantage of low stretch ratio requirement to preserve good fabrication quality. Set up with stretch ratio in‐between R = 3 × 3 and R = 4 × 4 at 80 °C is suggested to use in biaxial stretching. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46677.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Characteristic analysis of biaxially stretched PVDF thin films

Ting¹,

Suprapto²,

Chiu³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, and its copolymers are strongly investigated due to their outstanding piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectric properties compared to other polymers. These properties lead to the development of interesting technological applications, like sensors and actuators [2,3]. PVDF exhibits several different crystalline phases (called α,β,γ,δ) and morphologies depending on the processing conditions [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Plate Annealing at a Low Temperature of a Thin Ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) Film with an Improved Crystalline Structure for Sensors and Actuators

Mahdi

Gan

Majid

2014

Sensors

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Ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymer 70/30 thin films are prepared by spin coating. The crystalline structure of these films is investigated by varying the annealing temperature from the ferroelectric phase to the paraelectric phase. A hot plate was used to produce a direct and an efficient annealing effect on the thin film. The dielectric, ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties of the P(VDF-TrFE) thin films are measured as a function of different annealing temperatures (80 to 140 °C). It was found that an annealing temperature of 100 °C (slightly above the Curie temperature, Tc) has induced a highly crystalline β phase with a rod-like crystal structure, as examined by X-ray. Such a crystal structure yields a high remanent polarization, Pr = 94 mC/m2, and pyroelectric constant, p = 24 μC/m2K. A higher annealing temperature exhibits an elongated needle-like crystal domain, resulting in a decrease in the crystalline structure and the functional electrical properties. This study revealed that highly crystalline P(VDF-TrFE) thin films could be induced at 100 °C by annealing the thin film with a simple and cheap method.

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“…|p3| 10 -6 C/(m 2 K) |d33| 10 -12 C/N Ps C/m 2 PVDF 27.4 [20] 24-34 [21] 0.065 [22,23] P(VDF-TrFE) bulk films 7.6-30.4 [24] 34 [25] 0.02-0.08 [24] Three representative chain conformations of tg + tgfor the α and δ phase, tttt for the β phase, and tttg + tttgfor γ and ε phase. Reproduced from [12], with permission from Springer Nature, 2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…|p 3 | 10 -6 C/(m 2 K) |d 33 | 10 -12 C/N P s C/m 2 PVDF 27.4 [20] 24-34 [21] 0.065 [22,23] P(VDF-TrFE) bulk films 7.6-30.4 [24] 34 [25] 0.02-0.08 [24] P(VDF-TrFE) LB films 16-24 [26] 18-22 1 [26] 0.1 [27] P(VDF-CTFE) 2 -140 [28] 0.04 [29] . Approaches for obtaining the β phase of PVDF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Application of PVDF and Its Copolymer Films Prepared by Spin-Coating and Langmuir–Blodgett Method

et al. 2019

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Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are key polymers, displaying properties such as flexibility and electroactive responses, including piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and ferroelectricity. In the past several years, they have been applied in numerous applications, such as memory, transducers, actuators, and energy harvesting and have shown thriving prospects in the ongoing research and commercialization process. The crystalline polymorphs of PVDF can present nonpolar α, ε phase and polar β, γ, and δ phases with different processing methods. The copolymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), can crystallize directly into a phase analogous to the β phase of PVDF. Since the β phase shows the highest dipole moment among polar phases, many reproducible and efficient methods producing β-phase PVDF and its copolymer have been proposed. In this review, PVDF and its copolymer films prepared by spin-coating and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method are introduced, and relevant characterization techniques are highlighted. Finally, the development of memory, artificial synapses, and medical applications based on PVDF and its copolymers is elaborated.

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Improving the optical and electroactive response of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) spin-coated films for sensor and actuator applications

Cited by 56 publications

References 37 publications

Characteristic analysis of biaxially stretched PVDF thin films

Characteristic analysis of biaxially stretched PVDF thin films

Hot Plate Annealing at a Low Temperature of a Thin Ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) Film with an Improved Crystalline Structure for Sensors and Actuators

Characterization and Application of PVDF and Its Copolymer Films Prepared by Spin-Coating and Langmuir–Blodgett Method

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