Improving the Dietary Protein Quality by Amino Acid Fortification with a High Inclusion Level of Micro Algae (<i>Spirulina platensis</i>) or Insect Meal (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) in Meat Type Chicken Diets

Abstract

The objective of this study was to measure protein quality parameters (PPV, NPU and NPU std ) of chicken diets with complete substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by Spirulina meal (SM) or partly defatted Hermetia meal (HM). N balance experiments were based on the quantitative excreta collection method, divided into starter period (10 -20 d) and grower period (25 -35 d). The study utilized 70 all male meat type chicken (Ross 308). Data assessment applied the exponential N utilization model of the "Goettingen approach". The control diet was based on wheat, corn and SBM. In four experimental diets SBM was completely substituted by SM or HM, but fortified with feed amino acids (AA) both on a basic level of supplementation (Lys and Met added equal to the control diet) and on an extended level (Lys, Met, Thr, Arg, Val, Ile, His added). At a basic level of AA supplementation, complete replacement of SBM by SM or HM in chicken diets depressed dietary protein quality significantly (p < 0.05). However, the extended level of AA supplementation improved protein quality parameters of the diets with both of the alternative proteins significantly (p < 0.05), but still generally not on par with the control diet. The observed responses were accentuated when the well-known effect of N intake on protein utilization was eliminated through the standardization of N intake by application of the "Goettingen approach".

Effects of the Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal by Insect or Algae Meal in Chicken Diets with Graded Amino Acid Supply on Parameters of Gut Microbiology and Dietary Protein Quality

“…Currently, only the HM+ diet achieved a protein quality equal to the control diet. Similar results were reported based on N-balance studies with growing chickens [52]. Accordingly, observed protein quality parameters of the SM+ diet were significantly below that of the HM+ Diet.…”

Effects of 50 Percent Substitution of Soybean Meal by Alternative Proteins from &lt;i&gt;Hermetia illucens&lt;/i&gt; or Spirulina platensis in Meat-Type Chicken Diets with Graded Amino Acid Supply

“…These observations for zoo-technical response were in general agreement with conclusions from actual N balance studies making use of diets with 100% substitution of SBM by Hermetia meal or Spirulina meal [26]. In consequence, diets with extended AA supplementation yielded final BW similar (diet SM+) or superior (p < 0.001) to the control diet (diet HM+).…”

The Graded Inclusion of Algae (&lt;i&gt;Spirulina platensis&lt;/i&gt;) or Insect (&lt;i&gt;Hermetia illucens&lt;/i&gt;) Meal as a Soybean Meal Substitute in Meat Type Chicken Diets Impacts on Growth, Nutrient Deposition and Dietary Protein Quality Depending on the Extent of Amino Acid Supplementation

“…However, it should be noted that an extended AA supplementation to balance the observed AA deficiencies according to the current IAAR [16] is a significant precondition. Feeding alternative protein sources without an adequate AA supplementation is also the main premise found in the N balance studies conducted by Neumann et al [32] with broiler chickens and complete substitution of SBM by HM or SM as well as the study by Austic et al [10].…”

“…Neumann et al [32], who assessed the dietary protein quality based on N balance studies in growing chickens. Generally, an extended AA supplementation is required in chicken diets containing either of the alternative protein sources under study at a high level of SBM substitution.…”