Improving the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS to nearly 1 million S/m with graphene on an ITO-glass substrate

Hilal, Muhammad; Han, Jeong In

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.09.011

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The graphene enhanced the electrical conductivity of the circuitry by increasing the effectiveness and density of the PEDOT:PSS pathways for free electrons. [ 59 ] The ink was heated at 60 °C followed by sonication for 1 h and was mixed homogeneously and then was screen‐printed through a paper stencil to form a metallic pathway for electrical circuits. All the layers were attached by using an adhesive spray (Super 77 from 3M Company).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Ryu

Mohammadifar

Tahernia

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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a century, sensational engineering efforts have been performed to develop new synthetic materials, and intensive studies of forces needed to deform those soft materials have examined the use of pneumatic, thermal, electrical, and chemical energy. [11][12][13] The second research stream designs low-profile, sheet-like robots, named "robotic origamis" (or "robogamis") that offer softness and reconfigurability with multiple bending degrees of freedom. [8][9][10] In robogamis, the rigid sheets are connected through soft joints, where 2D patterns can be folded into 3D structures by low profile actuations such as electrostatic forces, shape memory alloys, and pneumatic pressures. [2] Such robogamis can autonomously transform themselves into programmed shapes and perform complex tasks in unpredictable environments. Substantial progress in soft material research has produced achievements that are critical in terms of robogami techniques [2] while soft robotics and origami folding concepts have opened new applications. [9] However, soft robotics and robogamis have historically developed separately, and studies on robogamis with soft matter were unavailable or quite limited even though their integration is expected to generate substantial achievements in terms of cost, fabrication, operation, and performance. Built-in folds made of soft materials have the considerable potential to yield continuum, compliant, and configurable properties for robots.In this work, we introduce a new approach to combine these two robotic techniques by using soft paper substrates and a waterresponsive origami technique. The capillary action of sprayed water molecules is constrained by hydrophilic channels on paper, whose number and size are carefully defined by double-sided printing and the asymmetrical penetration of wax. In particular, a bilayered single sheet of paper that uses wax and water can lead to programmed deformations from different swelling and shrinking properties of the layers. A wax-water pattern on paper develops a folding actuation with a specific degree and shape and unfolding with evaporation without being mechanically manipulated by external forces or moments. The 2D sheet of paper can be controllably self-folded into various 3D structures, demonstrating self-folding actuation, low-weight object manipulation, and biomimetic locomotion through bending and relaxation. Although a couple of paper-based robotic concepts were partly proposed before, [14,15] no technique has yet emerged as a simple print-and-fold actuator powered by environmental humidity or water for comprehensive robotic functions including self-folding, Soft robotics driven by origami can fundamentally advance robotic functionalities by significantly improving continuum, compliance, and configurability. Here, a new field is proposed, "paper robotics," which is based on moistureresponsive self-folding of paper substrates into functional 3D machines using origami-inspired techniques. By properly designing a hydrophobic wax layer and a hygro-expandable hydrophilic ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Ryu

Mohammadifar

Tahernia

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…From the slope of the I-V curve and the dimension of the ITO channel, we could estimate its conductivity value of 5.1 10 4 Sm 1 , which is consistent with × the previously reported value (10 4 Sm 1 ) for a similar thickness. 29 Fig. 2c is the frequency dependence of a currentnormalized noise PSD (S I /I 2 ) spectrum on a log-log scale, which is measured from the same bulk ITO film as in Fig.…”

Section: Basic Characteristics Of Bulk Ito Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A plausible explanation can be that the defects in the boundary regions increased the scattering during charge carrier transports, and some of them worked as charge traps generating current noises. 22,25,29 It also should be noted that the histograms can be fitted with a Gaussian (normal) distribution with an xaxis in a log scale, indicating lognormal distributions. Previous works showed that such a lognormal distribution of sheet conductance values is a typical characteristic of percolative networks in the film.…”

Section: Nanoscale Mapping Of Charge Trap Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the nanoscale effects of charge traps on electrical transport in grain structures of indium tin oxide thin films

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, the characteristics of PEDOT:PSS should be modified, by applying physical or chemical post-deposition treatments, to increase its conductivity [2,[20][21][22]. Some ways in which these properties can be increased include solvent treatment [20,[23][24][25], doping with additional organic compounds, with boiling points higher than that of the water, into the aqueous solution [2], and adding ionic surfactants into the aqueous solution [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Promising Heptacoordinated Organotin (IV) Complexes-PEDOT: PSS-Based Composite for New-Generation Optoelectronic Devices Applications

et al. 2021

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The synthesis of four mononuclear heptacoordinated organotin (IV) complexes of mixed ligands derived from tridentated Schiff bases and pyrazinecarboxylic acid is reported. This organotin (IV) complexes were prepared by using a multicomponent reaction, the reaction proceeds in moderate to good yields (64% to 82%). The complexes were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis. The spectroscopic analysis revealed that the tin atom is seven-coordinate in solution and that the carboxyl group acts as monodentate ligand. To determine the effect of the substituent on the optoelectronic properties of the organotin (IV) complexes, thin films were deposited, and the optical bandgap was obtained. A bandgap between 1.88 and 1.98 eV for the pellets and between 1.23 and 1.40 eV for the thin films was obtained. Later, different types of optoelectronic devices with architecture “contacts up / base down” were manufactured and analyzed to compare their electrical behavior. The design was intended to generate a composite based on the synthetized heptacoordinated organotin (IV) complexes embedded on the poly(3,4-ethylenedyoxithiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). A Schottky curve at low voltages (<1.5 mV) and a current density variation of as much as ~ 3×10−5 A/cm2 at ~ 1.1 mV was observed. A generated photocurrent was of approximately 10−7 A and a photoconductivity between 4×10−9 and 7×10−9 S/cm for all the manufactured structures. The structural modifications on organotin (IV) complexes were focused on the electronic nature of the substituents and their ability to contribute to the electronic delocalization via the π system. The presence of the methyl group, a modest electron donor, or the non-substitution on the aromatic ring, has a reduced effect on the electronic properties of the molecule. However, a strong effect in the electronic properties of the material can be inferred from the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents like chlorine, able to reduce the gap energies.

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Improving the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS to nearly 1 million S/m with graphene on an ITO-glass substrate

Cited by 24 publications

References 57 publications

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Mapping the nanoscale effects of charge traps on electrical transport in grain structures of indium tin oxide thin films

Design of Promising Heptacoordinated Organotin (IV) Complexes-PEDOT: PSS-Based Composite for New-Generation Optoelectronic Devices Applications

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