“…In particular, ANNs have been used for shallow foundations including settlement estimation (Chen et al, 2009;Shahin et al, 2002bShahin et al, , 2003Sivakugan et al, 1998;Soleimanbeigi and Hataf, 2006) and prediction of ultimate bearing capacity (Behera et al, 2013a(Behera et al, , 2013bKalinli et al, 2011;Kuo et al, 2009;Padmini et al, 2008;Provenzano et al, 2004;Soleimanbeigi and Hataf, 2005). Likewise, GP and EPR have been investigated for settlement prediction of shallow foundations (Rezania and Javadi, 2007;Shahin, 2014;Shahnazari et al, 2014) as well as ultimate bearing capacity (Adarsh et al, 2012;Pan et al, 2013;Shahin, 2014;Shahnazari and Tutunchian, 2012;Tsai et al, 2013). The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of some of the popular AI techniques, present a review of the AI applications to date in shallow foundations, and discuss some of the current challenges and future directions.…”