Improving reliability and latency of Wireless Sensor Networks using Concurrent Transmissions

Abstract

Concurrent Transmissions (CT) based flooding appears as a highly reliable and low latency mechanism to achieve source-to-sink communication of packets within a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). CT are usually misunderstood, since they are mainly analyzed in the baseband domain. A comprehensive analysis, including the effects of the carrier, demonstrates that they cannot work in simple phase-modulated communication systems due to the beating effect. In contrast, non-coherent frequency receivers offer a very robust behavior. CT applicability in IEEE 802.15.4 is mainly because of two factors: transmissions are usually demodulated as non-coherent MSK (as opposed to coherent OQPSK) and the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), that helps minimizing the error rate.

Atomic-SDN: Is Synchronous Flooding the Solution to Software-Defined Networking in IoT?

“…The benefit of this approach, key to the operation of Atomic-SDN, is that it allows the protocol to be temporally decoupled from normal network operation; VOLUME x, 2019 allowing it to be run alongside other control and application protocols or, as in the case of Atomic-SDN, be used to regularly configure those protocols. Multiple Initiators: Subsequent studies to the original Glossy paper have shown that the receiver is able to reliably demodulate multiple concurrent transmissions of the same data not necessarily because of so-called constructive interference, as the authors first considered, but likely as a result of transmissions being demodulated as non-coherent Minimum-Shift Keying (MSK), as well as Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) minimizing the error rate [27]- [29].…”

Self-Adjustable Active Sequence to Reduce Latency in Duty Cycle WSNs

“…In fact, the time required for data collection varies owing to different data collection strategies. According to the different MAC protocol used in data collection, it can be divided into contentionbased data collection mechanisms [1], [9], [13], [26], [32], [36] and non-contention based data collection mechanisms [4], [7]. The non-contention MAC protocol is represented by the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol [4], [7].…”

“…The non-contention MAC protocol is represented by the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol [4], [7]. Most of the data collection protocols adopt are contentionbased protocols [1], [9], [13], [26], [32], [36]. The main feature of the non-contention data collection protocol represented by the TDMA protocol is that the time is divided into units called slots.…”

“…As a result, there are fewer network requirements in this protocol, which can be applied to various networks. However, the main disadvantage of such method is that it requires competing channels between multiple nodes, whereby the performance in terms of energy consumption and delay is not as good as the TDMA protocol [1], [9], [13], [26], [32], [36]. Some research work related to this paper is discussed in detail below.…”

“…With the development of microprocessor technology, more and more intelligent sensing devices have been applied to various applications, which greatly expanding their application field [1]- [4]. Wireless sensor network (WSNs) are essential elements for realizing the Internet of Things (IoTs) [5]- [8], which can be widely used in industrial production sites [9], [10] traffic information [11], [12], crop monitoring [13]- [15], medical monitoring [16], [17], personal health monitoring of personal wearable devices and other applications [18], [19].…”