Improving ozone simulations in the Great Lakes Region: The role of emissions, chemistry, and dry deposition

Qin, Momei; Yu, Haofei; Hu, Yongtao; Russell, Armistead G.; Odman, M. Talat; Doty, Kevin; Pour‐Biazar, Arastoo; McNider, Richard T.; Knipping, Eladio

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.025

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The emissions inputs and CMAQ model configuration were set as the same in the two nudging cases; only meteorological inputs differed. A detailed description of the CMAQ model configuration can be found in Qin et al (2019). Figure 7 shows the ozone performance for the two cases.…”

Section: Air Quality Impact Of Nudging Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Nudging Schemes in the Simulation of Meteorology for Use in Air Quality Experiments: Application in the Great Lakes Region

Odman

White

Doty

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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High levels of ozone have been observed along the shores of Lake Michigan for the last 40 years. Models continue to struggle in their ability to replicate ozone behavior in the region. In the retrospective way in which models are used in air quality regulation development, nudging or four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) of the large-scale environment is important for constraining model forecast errors. Here, paths for incorporating large-scale meteorological conditions but retaining model mesoscale structure are evaluated. For the July 2011 case studied here, iterative FDDA strategies did not improve mesoscale performance in the Great Lakes region in terms of diurnal trends or monthly averaged statistics, with overestimations of nighttime wind speed remaining as an issue. Two vertical nudging strategies were evaluated for their effects on the development of nocturnal low-level jets (LLJ) and their impacts on air quality simulations. Nudging only above the planetary boundary layer, which has been a standard option in many air quality simulations, significantly dampened the amplitude of LLJ relative to nudging only above a height of 2 km. While the LLJ was preserved with nudging only above 2 km, there was some deterioration in wind performance when compared with profiler networks above the jet between 500 m and 2 km. In examining the impact of nudging strategies on air quality performance of the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, it was found that performance was improved for the case of nudging above 2 km. This result may reflect the importance of the LLJ in transport or perhaps a change in mixing in the models.

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Section: Air Quality Impact Of Nudging Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Nudging Schemes in the Simulation of Meteorology for Use in Air Quality Experiments: Application in the Great Lakes Region

Odman

White

Doty

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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“…Skill for air pollution relevant meteorology in the southern Great Lakes has been extensively studied (see McNider et al, , Sills et al, , and Odman et al, citations therein). Assessments of photochemical grid model (PGM) skill for ozone over the southern Great Lakes are more limited and often done as new measurements or model updates emerge (e.g., Cleary et al, ; Fast & Heilman, ; Makar et al, ; Qin et al, ). Fast and Heilman () simulated summer 1999 at 12 km resolution with the RAMS/Pagasus modeling system, achieving good performance for 1 hr peak ozone in many locations around Lake Michigan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent CMAQ‐based model assessments have shown high bias for peak ozone metrics including daily averaged 1 hr maximum, afternoon ozone, MDA8 ozone, or MDA8 ozone on days above 60 ppb (Cleary et al, , with 12 km and Qin et al, , with 4 km horizontal resolution). However, the three highest resolution PGMs used during LMOS 2017 were biased low for peak ozone, including the operational NAM‐CMAQ forecast (12 km), a WRF/CMAQ model run (12 km) using typical regulatory modeling configuration, and Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem; 4 km) (Abdioskouei et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NAQFC used CMAQ with CB05 chemistry at 12 km resolution and was biased high by about 6–13 ppb for afternoon (14:00 CST) ozone. Qin et al () applied WRF 3.8.1/CMAQ 5.1. at 4 km resolution using the CB05 chemical mechanism, for July 2011. Qin et al found the base model was biased high by about 6 ppb for the Maximum Daily 8 hr Average (MDA8) ozone around Lake Michigan; this bias could be reduced by adopting CB06 chemistry and changing NO x and biogenic VOC emissions, but with some tradeoffs in performance at lake shore versus inland sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Meteorological Skill to Selection of WRF‐Chem Physical Parameterizations and Impact on Ozone Prediction During the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS)

et al. 2020

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Ozone concentrations in excess of health‐based standards occur along the coastline of Lake Michigan. A complex pattern of ozone precursor emissions interfaces with a complex meteorological environment, presenting a challenge for air quality management and simulation. Precursors are transported into a shallow, stable boundary layer over the lake. This is followed by ozone formation and transport back onshore through a combination of synoptic and lake breeze winds. In this study, we use measurements during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 (LMOS) to quantitatively evaluate the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) model at 4 km horizontal resolution for key features of high ozone episodes over Southern Lake Michigan, with a focus on meteorological performance. WRF‐Chem showed good performance and successful reproduction of meteorological fields and clouds. Lake breeze model skill was inconsistent, with both good and poor performance depending on site and day. The combination of Noah land surface model and High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh meteorology gave the best performance with the mean bias of −0.5 °C for temperature, −0.6 °C for dewpoint temperature, and −0.3 m/s for wind speed along the western coast of Lake Michigan during the daytime. For ozone, WRF‐Chem was biased low (−4.4 ppb mean bias for daytime ozone) and underestimated hourly peak ozone. In some cases, ozone bias can be attributed to transport and lake breeze errors. Average ozone concentration showed minor (<2 ppb) sensitivity to changes to meteorology initial and boundary conditions or the land surface model.

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“…Boundary conditions for these simulations were provided by a hemispheric CMAQ run. The model configuration was described in and evaluated by several previous studies [27,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Transport Patterns Obtained Through Generalized Lagrangian Coherent Structures

2020

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Identifying atmospheric transport pathways is important to understand the effects of pollutants on weather, climate, and human health. The atmospheric wind field is variable in space and time and contains complex patterns due to turbulent mixing. In such a highly unsteady flow field, it can be challenging to predict material transport over a finite-time interval. Particle trajectories are often used to study how pollutants evolve in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, individual trajectories are sensitive to their initial conditions. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) have been shown to form the template of fluid parcel motion in a fluid flow. LCSs can be characterized by special material surfaces that organize the parcel motion into ordered patterns. These key material surfaces form the core of fluid deformation patterns, such as saddle points, tangles, filaments, barriers, and pathways. Traditionally, the study of LCSs has looked at coherent structures derived from integrating the wind velocity field. It has been assumed that particles in the atmosphere will generally evolve with the wind. Recent work has begun to look at the motion of chemical species, such as water vapor, within atmospheric flows. By calculating the flux associated with each species, a new effective flux-based velocity field can be obtained for each species. This work analyzes generalized species-weighted coherent structures associated with various chemical species to find their patterns and pathways in the atmosphere, providing a new tool and language for the assessment of pollutant transport and patterns.

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Improving ozone simulations in the Great Lakes Region: The role of emissions, chemistry, and dry deposition

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

Examination of Nudging Schemes in the Simulation of Meteorology for Use in Air Quality Experiments: Application in the Great Lakes Region

Examination of Nudging Schemes in the Simulation of Meteorology for Use in Air Quality Experiments: Application in the Great Lakes Region

Sensitivity of Meteorological Skill to Selection of WRF‐Chem Physical Parameterizations and Impact on Ozone Prediction During the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS)

Pollution Transport Patterns Obtained Through Generalized Lagrangian Coherent Structures

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