Improving of Processes of Transport and Logistics Activity by Applying Electric Vehicles in Supply Chain Management

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. Within the functional areas of logistics, operations and functions related to purchasing, production and sales are carried out. Moving raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products are possible in the case of the use of vehicles, which adequately reflects the practical importance of the concept of transport and logistics activities. Therefore, to achieve optimization of logistics functions and operations, and, as a consequence, the goals of logistics, an important aspect is the choice of modern vehicles for the transportation of goods. Vehicle operations usually represent the largest total logistics cost due to the purchase of fuel and lubricants, proper organization of vehicle service, including the timely and comprehensive performance of all types of maintenance. In this regard, the concept of introducing electric vehicles is rapidly developing in the world, changing the idea of possibilities of an electric car not only as an individual vehicle for transportation but also as a transport, acquires relevance in the field of logistics and freight transport. The purpose of the work is to analyse the current state of the electric vehicle industry in the world and Ukraine. As well as to substantiate ways to optimize the use of electrically powered vehicles in supply chain management, depending on their technical characteristics.Results. Samples of electric vehicles produced in the EU and the USA are shown. The possibility of using electric vehicles as the main vehicles is considered, provided that their dispersion in the middle of the supply chain is taken into account. A scheme for the use of electric vehicles in the supply chain management process is proposed, which covers the dispersion of electric vehicles following the functional areas of logistics. The proposed scheme for the use of electric vehicles in the supply chain management process, taking into account the functional areas of logistics, has established that it is most expedient to use electric vehicles with a carrying capacity of 1,75−36 tons at the stages of procurement and production, and additionally with a carrying capacity of up to 1,75 tons to distribution points. Electric vehicles with a carrying capacity of up to 700 kg can be effectively used to provide services and technical support in the process of supply chain management. The scientific novelty of the research is that, for the first time, using the "Model of one vehicle on the route", the dependence of the stay time of electric vehicles Renault Kangoo Z.E., Volkswagen e-Crafter and Tesla Semi in the operating conditions of the route, on the distance of transportation was obtained.