Improving Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Use Efficiency for Florida's Horticultural Crops

Obreza, Thomas A.; Sartain, J. B.

doi:10.21273/horttech.20.1.23

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In several field trials in Florida, young or non-bearing citrus trees fertilized with CRFs at a 50% of the recommended rate performed equally well compared to 100% of the recommended rate with WSF [70]. The same magnitude of reduction happened in potato production in Florida [71].…”

Section: Crf Application Reduces N Leaching and Runoff In Container Pmentioning

confidence: 91%

Controlled-Release Fertilizers as a Means to Reduce Nitrogen Leaching and Runoff in Container-Grown Plant Production

Chen¹,

Wei²

2018

Nitrogen in Agriculture - Updates

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Container-grown plants refer to plants produced in confined volume filled with substrates. The substrates endogenously have limited nutrients and low water-holding capacity. Plants grown in the containers must be fertilized and watered frequently varying from daily to weekly. Frequent fertilization and irrigation can result in nutrient leaching and/or runoff. Since nitrogen (N) is a key component of the majority of fertilizers, container plant production has been viewed as a source of N leaching and/or runoff. The leaching and runoff, if in large quantities on a year-round basis, could affect surface and ground water quality. Application of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) has been reported to have less N leaching than plants fertilized with water-soluble fertilizers (WSFs). However, there are different types of CRFs with different compositions and longevities on the market. Container plants also differ greatly in their growth and development and in N requirement. Thus, production of high-quality container plants with minimum N leaching using CRFs still remains challenging. This article is intended to discuss characteristics of container plant production and N leaching and runoff during production, and to document that CRF application can reduce N leaching and/or runoff. Certain requirements for future development of CRFs are also discussed.

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Section: Crf Application Reduces N Leaching and Runoff In Container Pmentioning

confidence: 91%

Controlled-Release Fertilizers as a Means to Reduce Nitrogen Leaching and Runoff in Container-Grown Plant Production

Chen¹,

Wei²

2018

Nitrogen in Agriculture - Updates

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“…These formulations include sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and polymer-coated urea. Obreza and Sartain (2010) reviewed the major sources of fertilizers used to enhance N use efficiency in horticultural crops, including turfgrass. Some examples of recent research conducted with various nutrient forms are summarized below.…”

Section: Fertilizer Application Rates To Turfgrassmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Turfgrass Fertilizer Management Practices: Implications for Urban Water Quality

Carey

Hochmuth

Martinez

et al. 2012

hortte

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Urban watersheds include extensive turfgrass plantings that are associated with anthropocentric attitudes toward landscapes. Native and construction-disturbed urban soils often cannot supply adequate amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for the growth and beauty of landscape plants. Hence, fertilization of landscape plants is practiced. Mismanaged fertilization and irrigation practices represent a potential source of nutrients that may contribute to water quality impairment. This review focuses on turfgrass fertilization practices and their impacts on urban water quality. Research results show that fertilization during active growth periods enhances turfgrass nutrient uptake efficiencies. The major concern regarding the fertilization of turfgrass and landscape plants in urban watersheds, therefore, is selecting the proper combination of fertilizer rate, timing, and placement that maximizes nutrient utilization efficiency and reduces the risk for nutrient loss to water bodies. Encouraging individuals to adopt best management practices (BMPs) is a priority for watershed managers. Research has found that educational programs are an important part of changing fertilization habits and that education needs to be thorough and comprehensive, which is beyond the scope of many seminars and fact sheets currently in use.

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“…Because of these various losses of nutrients to the environment in open-loop agriculture systems, the most effective way to enhance nutrient efficiency is to match supply to the temporal demands of the crop (Zebarth et al, 2009). Where this is difficult or economically impractical, the use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers such as controlled-or slowrelease fertilizer products should be considered (Obreza and Sartain, 2010). Similarly, application of nutrients in the form of organic matter (from animal manures or crop residues) can reduce nutrient losses because a portion of the nutrients contained is stabilized and is released over time through mineralization.…”

Section: Environmental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these diverse systems, species-specific nutrient delivery typically does not occur (Yeager et al, 2010). Therefore, the most pragmatic approach may be to focus on nutrient forms with a reduced risk of loss to the environment such as controlled-release fertilizers or other enhanced efficiency fertilizers (Obreza and Sartain, 2010;Shaviv and Mikkelsen, 1993), improved delivery systems such as microirrigation and moisture sensing, or improved nutrient capture and reuse such as detention and recycling basins employed by many nurseries (Mangiafico et al, 2008).…”

Section: Future Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the “4R” Nutrient Stewardship Concept to Horticultural Crops: Applying Nutrients at the “Right Time”

Mattson

Iersel

2011

hortte

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The 4R nutrient stewardship framework presents four concepts to consider when applying fertilizers in a responsible matter; the “right source” of nutrients should be applied at the “right rate” during the “right time” and supplied to the “right place” to ensure their uptake. In this article, we provide ideas to consider when attempting to provide nutrients at the right time. When nutrients are applied at a time when they are not required by the plant, the result can be economic and environmental losses. Oversupply relative to plant demand can result in losses of applied nutrients because of leaching or volatilization. Undersupply relative to demand, especially in the case of phloem-immobile nutrients, may limit plant growth and yield. Several factors interact to affect plant nutrient demand such as growth stage, life history (annual vs. perennial), environmental conditions, and plant health. Techniques such as soil and tissue testing, isotopic labeling, and spectral reflectance have been used with varying degrees of success and expense to measure plant nutrient demand and guide fertilizer decisions. Besides knowledge of plant nutrient demand, efficient nutrient supply also depends on systems that allow precise spatial and temporal delivery of nutrients. Future improvements to the timing of nutrient delivery will depend on improvement in knowledge of plant nutrient demands. For example, targeted gene expression chips show promise for use in rapidly assessing plant status for a broad suite of nutrients. Future developments that allow more precise nutrient delivery or more robust agroecosystems that scavenge available nutrients before they are lost to the environment will also help producers use nutrients more efficiently.

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Improving Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Use Efficiency for Florida's Horticultural Crops

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Controlled-Release Fertilizers as a Means to Reduce Nitrogen Leaching and Runoff in Container-Grown Plant Production

Controlled-Release Fertilizers as a Means to Reduce Nitrogen Leaching and Runoff in Container-Grown Plant Production

A Review of Turfgrass Fertilizer Management Practices: Implications for Urban Water Quality

Application of the “4R” Nutrient Stewardship Concept to Horticultural Crops: Applying Nutrients at the “Right Time”

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