This paper explores the effect of digital differentiation on student performance using a randomized experiment. The experiment is conducted in a second year biology class among 115 prevocational students in the Netherlands. Differentiation allowed students in the treatment group to work at three different levels. The results show that there is a significant effect of digital differentiation on the posttest score. This effect is robust to adding covariates such as students' ability, grade repetition, age, gender, class and average neighborhood income. There are no differential effects when dividing students in three groups, by ability. The results imply that differentiation in large classrooms is possible and beneficial for all students, once done digitally.
IntroductionPresent-day education is forced to change to meet the high standards set by governments and other stakeholders. Change is necessary to cope with three present-day challenges, which we deal with in this paper. The first issue is the continuing call for differentiation in education, in order to meet the needs of both low-achieving and high-achieving students in the same classroom. Often, teaching was directed towards the "average" student, thereby neglecting the needs of high-and