Improving flash-based disk cache with Lazy Adaptive Replacement

Huang, Sai; Wei, Qingsong; Chen, Jianxi; Chen, Cheng; Feng, Dan

doi:10.1109/msst.2013.6558447

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although static technique had optimal configuration in the first workload, due to the change in the workload type, it will be completely inefficient in the new workload. This shortcoming exists in all previous studies in I/O caching [9], [10], [11], [12], [33].…”

Section: Reconfiguration Overheadmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, SSDs should be used alongside with HDDs in order to design a cost-efficient, high-performance storage system. To effectively use SSDs as the OS cache layer, modifications in the conventional caching policies such as Least Recently Used (LRU) and Clock have been suggested by the previous studies [8], [9], [10]. Another suggested approach in the previous work is prioritizing various request types such as filesystem metadata, read, and random requests by using either absolute or relative priority [11], [12], [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ReCA: An Efficient Reconfigurable Cache Architecture for Storage Systems with Online Workload Characterization

Salkhordeh

Ebrahimi

Asadi

2018

IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

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In recent years, Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have gained tremendous attention in computing and storage systems due to significant performance improvement over Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). The cost per capacity of SSDs, however, prevents them from entirely replacing HDDs in such systems. One approach to effectively take advantage of SSDs is to use them as a caching layer to store performance critical data blocks in order to reduce the number of accesses to HDD-based disk subsystem. Due to characteristics of Flash-based SSDs such as limited write endurance and long latency on write operations, employing caching algorithms at the Operating System (OS) level necessitates to take such characteristics into consideration. Previous OS-level caching techniques are optimized towards only one type of application, which affects both generality and applicability. In addition, they are not adaptive when the workload pattern changes over time. This paper presents an efficient Reconfigurable Cache Architecture (ReCA) for storage systems using a comprehensive workload characterization to find an optimal cache configuration for I/O intensive applications. For this purpose, we first investigate various types of I/O workloads and classify them into five major classes. Based on this characterization, an optimal cache configuration is presented for each class of workloads. Then, using the main features of each class, we continuously monitor the characteristics of an application during system runtime and the cache organization is reconfigured if the application changes from one class to another class of workloads. The cache reconfiguration is done online and workload classes can be extended to emerging I/O workloads in order to maintain its efficiency with the characteristics of I/O requests. Experimental results obtained by implementing ReCA in a 4U rackmount server with SATA 6Gb/s disk interfaces running Linux 3.17.0 show that the proposed architecture improves performance and lifetime up to 24% and 33%, respectively.

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Section: Reconfiguration Overheadmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ReCA: An Efficient Reconfigurable Cache Architecture for Storage Systems with Online Workload Characterization

Salkhordeh

Ebrahimi

Asadi

2018

IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

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“…The studies in the second category try to optimize the eviction policy of caching architectures. To prevent cache pollution, Lazy Adaptive Replacement Cache (LARC) [13] is suggested which promotes data pages to cache on the second access to the data page. This technique, however, cannot perform in a timely fashion when workload is not stable.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Hybrid I/O Caching Architecture Using Heterogeneous SSDs

Salkhordeh

Hadizadeh

Asadi

2019

IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

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Storage subsystem is considered as the performance bottleneck of computer systems in data-intensive applications. Solid-State Drives (SSDs) are emerging storage devices which unlike Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), do not have mechanical parts and therefore, have superior performance compared to HDDs. Due to the high cost of SSDs, entirely replacing HDDs with SSDs is not economically justified. Additionally, SSDs can endure a limited number of writes before failing. To mitigate the shortcomings of SSDs while taking advantage of their high performance, SSD caching is practiced in both academia and industry. Previously proposed caching architectures have only focused on either performance or endurance and neglected to address both parameters in suggested architectures. Moreover, the cost, reliability, and power consumption of such architectures is not evaluated. This paper proposes a hybrid I/O caching architecture that while offers higher performance than previous studies, it also improves power consumption with a similar budget. The proposed architecture uses DRAM, Read-Optimized SSD (RO-SSD), and Write-Optimized SSD (WO-SSD) in a three-level cache hierarchy and tries to efficiently redirect read requests to either DRAM or RO-SSD while sending writes to WO-SSD. To provide high reliability, dirty pages are written to at least two devices which removes any single point of failure. The power consumption is also managed by reducing the number of accesses issued to SSDs. The proposed architecture reconfigures itself between performance-and enduranceoptimized policies based on the workload characteristics to maintain an effective tradeoff between performance and endurance. We have implemented the proposed architecture on a server equipped with industrial SSDs and HDDs. The experimental results show that as compared to state-of-the-art studies, the proposed architecture improves performance and power consumption by an average of 8% and 28%, respectively, and reduces the cost by 5% while increasing the endurance cost by 4.7% and negligible reliability penalty.

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“…The REDCAP project [14] aims to logically enlarge the disk cache by using a small portion of main memory, so that the read time could be reduced. For Solid-State Drive (SSD), a new algorithm called lazy adaptive replacement cache [16] is proposed to improve the cache hit and prolong the SSD lifetime.…”

Section: F Broader Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

HyCache+: Towards Scalable High-Performance Caching Middleware for Parallel File Systems

Zhao

Qiao

Raicu

2014

2014 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing

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Abstract-The ever-growing gap between the computation and I/O is one of the fundamental challenges for future computing systems. This computation-I/O gap is even larger for modern large scale high-performance systems due to their state-of-the-art yet decades long architecture: the compute and storage resources form two cliques that are interconnected with shared networking infrastructure. This paper presents a distributed storage middleware, called HyCache+, right on the compute nodes, which allows I/O to effectively leverage the high bi-section bandwidth of the high-speed interconnect of massively parallel high-end computing systems. HyCache+ provides the POSIX interface to end users with the memory-class I/O throughput and latency, and transparently swap the cached data with the existing slowspeed but high-capacity networked attached storage. HyCache+ has the potential to achieve both high performance and lowcost large capacity, the best of both worlds. To further improve the caching performance from the perspective of the global storage system, we propose a 2-phase mechanism to cache the hot data for parallel applications, called 2-Layer Scheduling (2LS), which minimizes the file size to be transferred between compute nodes and heuristically replaces files in the cache. We deploy HyCache+ on the IBM BlueGene/P supercomputer, and observe two orders of magnitude faster I/O throughput than the default GPFS parallel file system. Furthermore, the proposed heuristic caching approach shows 29X speedup over the traditional LRU algorithm.

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Improving flash-based disk cache with Lazy Adaptive Replacement

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

ReCA: An Efficient Reconfigurable Cache Architecture for Storage Systems with Online Workload Characterization

ReCA: An Efficient Reconfigurable Cache Architecture for Storage Systems with Online Workload Characterization

An Efficient Hybrid I/O Caching Architecture Using Heterogeneous SSDs

HyCache+: Towards Scalable High-Performance Caching Middleware for Parallel File Systems

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