Improving Continuous Hydrologic Modeling of Data-Poor River Basins Using Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System: Case Study of Karkheh River Basin

Equifinality and Flux Mapping: A New Approach to Model Evaluation and Process Representation Under Uncertainty

“…For instance, the model output or response surface is the product of the interplay between model structure, parameters, objective function, data information content, and modeler's decisions. Objective functions characterize the model performance as an aggregated measure of the matching between modeled and observed; either as metrics of model residuals (Bennett et al, 2013;Davtalab et al, 2017;Fowler et al, 2018;Murphy, 1988) or as signatures of similarity (Addor et al, 2018;Fowler et al, 2016;Gupta et al, 2008;Kelleher et al, 2017;Pfannerstill et al, 2014;Sawicz et al, 2014;Schaefli, 2016;Yilmaz et al, 2008); whether a scalar metric/variable (single criterion) or a vector of metrics/variables (i.e., multiple criteria/multivariable; Efstratiadis & Koutsoyiannis, 2010;Gupta et al, 1998;Stisen et al, 2018); and whether aggregated or distributed (Koch et al, 2016;Koch et al, 2017). Performance metrics reduce the complex behavior of a systemoften the integrated response of the catchment system, that is, discharge-from a higher dimension (e.g., a time series) to a single, or a few, point values; thus information loss is inevitable (Gong et al, 2013;Gupta & Nearing, 2014;Nearing & Gupta, 2015).…”

“…The theoretical framework presented, and its implications for model evaluation (going beyond model output and accounting for model behavior under modeling uncertainties) and hypothesis generating, could be further extended to other domains (Blöschl et al, 2019). It could also be used to improve understanding/modeling in data-poor catchments/regions (Davtalab et al, 2017) and in regional generalization (also known as regionalization or prediction in ungauged basins; Peel et al, 2000;Reichl et al, 2006). Moreover, although the proposed theoretical framework and flux mapping method are mainly discussed within the context of hydrological systems, it can be further extended to any field of scientific modeling concerned with understanding/modeling open complex systems in the face of uncertainties.…”

Predicting Snowmelt Runoff at the Source of the Mountainous Euphrates River Basin in Turkey for Water Supply and Flood Control Issues Using HEC-HMS Modeling

“…If the main source of energy in the spring is not the solar irradiance, snowmelt can be more effectively and simply computed using a temperature index model [10,[68][69][70][71][72][73]. In hydrologics, an index is a meteorological or hydrological variable.…”

Global-scale massive feature extraction from monthly hydroclimatic time series: Statistical characterizations, spatial patterns and hydrological similarity

“…Representations and characterizations can take various formulations not only as the core of diagnostic and exploratory frameworks, but also being hidden behind predictions of all possible types (see e.g., Pechlivanidis et al 2014;Tyralis and Koutsoyiannis 2017;Papacharalampous et al 2019a;Tyralis et al 2020), and as the basis for hydrological and hydroclimatic (stochastic) simulation frameworks (see e.g., Perrin et al 2003;Kumar et al 2006;Langousis and Koutsoyiannis 2006;Lee and Salas 2011;Grimaldi et al 2012;Papalexiou 2018). The candidate formulations may include (but are not limited to) statistical characterizations and representations in terms of marginal probability (or cumulative) distribution functions (see e.g., Kroll et al 2002;Nerantzaki and Papalexiou 2019), joint probability distribution functions and copulas (see e.g., Serinaldi et al 2009;Kuchment and Demidov 2013;Wong et al 2013), time series or regression models (see e.g., Carlson et al 1970;Koutsoyiannis 2011;Khatami 2013;Khazaei et al 2019;Papalexiou and Montanari 2019; Kagawa-Viviani and Giambelluca 2020), process-based (including conceptual) representations (see e.g., the reviews in Langousis and Koutsoyiannis 2006;Veneziano, 2007, 2009;Langousis et al, 2009;Veneziano and Langousis 2010;Koutsoyiannis and Langousis 2011;Langousis and Kaleris 2014;Langousis et al 2016a;Davtalab et al 2017;Széles et al 2018;Khatami et al 2019;Tyralis and Langousis 2019;Emmanouil et al 2020;Khatami et al 2020;…”