Improving bearing performance of composite bolted joints using z-pins

Interlaminar and intralaminar reinforcement of composite laminates with aligned carbon nanotubes

“…The baseline specimen expands (''bulging of the bearing joint" [67]) in the region of bearing failure, where the aligned-CNT reinforced specimen has significantly less expansion in the through-thickness direction near the hole. It is noteworthy that bearing strength increases reported here for the FFRP architecture are equivalent to z-pin reinforcement, but at much lower reinforcement volume fractions (1% CNTs vs. 4% z-pins) [67], indicating that the aligned CNTs are at least as effective as the z-pins under these criteria.…”

Environmental durability of z-pinned carbon fibre–epoxy laminate exposed to water

“…[2][3][4][5], impact damage resistance [6][7][8], damage tolerance [9] and joint properties [e.g. [10][11][12][13][14] by generating crack bridging traction loads. Pinned composites are used on a few types of military aircraft, including the FA-18 Superhornet and C17-Globemaster III heavy-lift transporter, and their aerospace applications may increase in coming years.…”

The effect of nanoparticles in single-lap composite joints studied by experimental and numerical analyses

“…Their results showed that the presence of these fibers would strengthen the ultimate strength and tolerance of the joint toward damage. The effects of pin on the damage tolerance of bolted joints were reported by Li et al [3]. They strengthened the holes with different sizes of Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on the strength of single-lap nanocomposite joints.…”