Improvements in the Organic-Phase Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse M_xFe_3–xO₄ (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) Spinel Nanoferrites for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Application

Abstract

In the quest for optimal heat dissipaters for magnetic fluid hyperthermia applications, monodisperse M x Fe 3– x O 4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) spinel nanoferrites were successfully synthesized through a modified organic-phase hydrothermal route. The chemical composition effect on the size, crystallinity, saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropy, and heating potential of prepared nanoferrites were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. TEM revealed that a particle diameter between 6 and 14 nm could be controlled by varying the surfactant ratio and doping ions. EDS, AAS, XRD, and XPS confirmed the inclusion of Zn and Mg ions in the Fe 3 O 4 structure. Magnetization studies via VSM revealed both the superparamagnetic nature of the nanoferrites and the dependence on substitution of the doped ions to the final magnetization. The broader zero-field cooling curve of Zn-doped Fe 3 O 4 was related to their large size distribution. Finally, a maximum rising temperature ( T max ) of 66 °C was achieved for an aqueous ferrofluid of nondoped Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles after magnetic field activation for 12 min.

Environmental Technologies to Treat Rare Earth Element Pollution: Principles and Engineering

“…Variation in the Fe 3 O 4 NPs composition by substituting Fe 2+ with a M 2+ cation (M = Mg, Zn, Co and Mn) in the tetrahedral or octahedral interstitial sites tunes the properties of M x Fe 3−x O 4 spinel ferrites (Etemadi & Plieger, 2020). Substitution of Fe 3+ with an RE ion enhances the magnetic properties to a greater extent because of a large unquenched orbital angular momentum attributed to the f electrons, which is characterized by higher spin-orbit coupling (Kershi et al, 2018).…”

Colloidal Stability of Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated by Oleic Acid and 3-(N,N-Dimethylmyristylammonio)propanesulfonate in Solvents

“…Oleic acid (OA), as one of the easily obtained classical surfactants, has been extensively studied in recent years (Lobaz et al, 2012;Etemadi and Plieger, 2020;Saputro et al, 2020). The oleic acid has a polar carboxyl group, allowing it to be attached to the surface of nanoparticles (López-López et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006;Rodríguez-Arco et al, 2011b;Gyergyek et al, 2011).…”

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characteristics and Historical Developments to Commercialization for Potential Technological Applications

“…IONPs are (i) at preclinical or clinical stages in their development or (ii) have been validated by either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Union (EU) for a number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), , magnetic drug targeting (MDT), , immunomagnetic separation (IMS), , magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), , and magnetic particle imaging (MPI) …”

“…As a result of the size-dependent magnetic features and safety profile, IONPs have garnered success in fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic drug targeting, , immunomagnetic separation, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, , and magnetic particle imaging . These include the realization of several fluids that (i) are at preclinical or clinical stages in their development, or (ii) have been validated by either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Union (EU) for a number of diagnostic and therapeutic biotechnological applications (Figure ).…”

“…IONPs are (i) at preclinical or clinical stages in their development or (ii) have been validated by either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Union (EU) for a number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 8,9 magnetic drug targeting (MDT), 10,11 immunomagnetic separation (IMS), 12,13 magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), 14,15 and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). 16 T h i s c o n t e n t i s In MRI, a suspension of IONPs is injected into the tissue of interest and acts as a negative contrast agent, creating darker images of the tissue and thereby improving the imaging resolution.…”