Improvements in Human Keratinocytes and Antimicrobial Effect Mediated by Cell-Free Supernatants Derived from Probiotics

Abstract

The skin acts as a physical and physiological barrier, thereby protecting the body from various environmental components and stimuli. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) derived from probiotics can improve skin functions and retain moisture. In this study, to assess the efficacy of CFS derived from Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Limosilactobacillus fermentum, we investigated the barrier strengthening and moisturizing effects of CFS in keratinocytes along with their antibacterial effects. We also determined the adhesive effects of probiotics on colorectal cells. To confirm improvements in moisturization and barrier function mediated by CFS in keratinocytes, hyaluronic acid (HA) production, and mRNA expression of HA synthases (HAS)2, HAS3, and FLG were measured. The results showed that CFS from L. salivarius MG242 and L. fermentum MG901 increased the expression of these genes along with the production of HA (2.40- and 1.95-fold of control). Additionally, CFS derived from L. salivarius MG242 and L. fermentum MG901 inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, thereby demonstrating inhibitory effects against harmful pathogens observed on the skin. These results indicate that the use of CFS derived from L. salivarius MG242 and L. fermentum MG901 may increase moisturization in the skin and improve barrier function of keratinocytes along with elimination of potential pathogens.

Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Cream Formulation Developed with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Extract and Probiotic

“…The difference from the current study may be due to the cultivar of H. rosa-sinensis, the solvent and strain of the microorganism used. Creams are used in cosmetics and clinics to protect and/or improve skin health, L. fermentum has good effects on skin health and skin microbiota (Lee et al, 2022). The biological activity results of the developed antimicrobial cream groups prepared with H. rosa-sinensis extract and/or probiotic strain L. fermentum against the tested bacteria and yeasts are in Bhaskar and Nithya (2012), prepared ointments containing ethanol extract obtained from H. rosa-sinensis flowers and investigated the wound healing potential.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Response in TNFα/IFNγ-Induced HaCaT Keratinocytes and Probiotic Properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4644, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4693, and Lactococcus lactis MG5474

“…HaCaT keratinocytes (provided from the School of Cosmetic Science and Beauty Biotechnology, Semyung University, Korea) and HT‐29 cells (Korea Cell Line Bank, Korea) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Gibco, USA) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco) and 1%penicillin and streptomycin (P/S; Gibco) [ 6 ]. The cells were maintained at 37°C under a 5% CO 2 incubator and split every 2–3 days.…”

“…The epidermis of the skin, which is mainly composed of keratinocytes, is the outermost part of the human body and acts as a physical barrier against various triggers [ 6 ]. Keratinocytes primarily modulate the immune system in the skin [ 7 ].…”

Postbiotics: Functional Food Materials and Therapeutic Agents for Cancer, Diabetes, and Inflammatory Diseases

“…Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) are fluids that include nutrients from the growth medium that are not absorbed by microbes as well as any metabolites left over from microbial development. CFS, which is produced when microbes are fermented, has antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities and is used to treat diarrhea [ 108 ]. Generally, CFS is obtained from safe bacteria, and the bioactive material can be used as an alternative to common antimicrobials.…”