“…It is intuitively clear that the enhancement of SERS by a substrate is somehow related to its roughness; however, as far as we know, this relationship has not yet been quantified. In this paper we demonstrate that second order statistics, namely Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis developed for signal processing, spectra, noise and other random processes [25][26][27][28], and which is in a wide use for surface roughness characterization [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], establishes a direct correlation of SERS abilities of metal structures and their topography. The use of PSD calculations, available, for example, using MatLab ® or Gwyddion ® software, provides a numerical criterion for evaluating the performance, thus optimizing the configuration of several specific SERS substrate types.…”