Improvement of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Coconut Oil via Solid-State Fermentation Using a Malaysian<i>Geotrichum candidum</i>

Khoramnia, Anahita; Ebrahimpour, Afshin; Ghanbari, Raheleh; Ajdari, Zahra; Lai, Oi‐Ming

doi:10.1155/2013/954542

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We used chlorhexidine as a positive control in the study, because it is still commercially used as one of the treatment options for S. mutans (Eden, 2008) and interestingly, the MIC value for AVCO is found to be lower than the MIC value for chlorhexidine from previous study (Uzer Celik et al, 2016). The excellent A similar finding after hydrolysing VCO with lipolytic Geotrichum candidum was observed by Khoramnia et al (2013), suggesting that the enzymatic reaction had improved the medium-chain fatty acids contents in VCO and its antimicrobial activity. This finding is essential as, lauric acid has been reported to be the main compound from the MCFAs contributed to the excellent antimicrobial activity (Nakatsuji et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2014;Salleh et al, 2014;Chang et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2016;Nitbani et al, 2016;Sheela et al, 2017).…”

Section: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Mic) Of Avco and Vcosupporting

confidence: 52%

Fatty Acid Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and Activated Virgin Coconut Oil on Streptococcus mutans

Haron¹,

Mukhtar²,

Omar³

et al. 2019

AOS

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For decades, coconut oil was reported to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity due to its abundant fatty acid's contents. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been strongly implicated as the main etiological factor in dental caries. Regardless of the ongoing medical advances, the therapeutic resources for dental caries remain ineffectual, and this has led to renewed interest in using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a possible choice for dental caries control. In this study, the ability of VCO and activated virgin coconut oil (AVCO) combatting cariogenic S. mutans ATCC 25175 has been evaluated. Fatty acids contents were compared through gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis, and their antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. From the GC-MS analysis, AVCO (59%) was found to have a slightly higher medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) as compared to VCO (54.1%), and the long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) contents in VCO (45.9%) was found to be higher than AVCO (41%). Interestingly, S. mutans ATCC 25175 was found to be susceptible towards AVCO (MIC: 6.24 mg/ml) and resistance towards VCO in vitro. The excellent antimicrobial activity of AVCO as a result from (i) the release of individuals fatty acids after activation of VCO by lipase digestion and (ii) the present of MCFA and LCFA that are significant in antimicrobial activity. Further study can be designed to specifically examine the activity of individuals fatty acids present in oils against S.mutans virulence genes/protein using molecular dynamic assessment.

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Section: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Mic) Of Avco and Vcosupporting

confidence: 52%

Fatty Acid Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and Activated Virgin Coconut Oil on Streptococcus mutans

Haron¹,

Mukhtar²,

Omar³

et al. 2019

AOS

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“…Better survival in acidity and bile salts involves multiple mechanisms such as proton pumps, chaperones participating in repair of damaged proteins, amino acid decarboxylation and transport, stress induced changes in cell wall, fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis (Bron et al, 2004). These properties are already well documented for G. candidum (Boutroua and Gueguen, 2005;Khoramnia et al, 2013). But this is first report where G. candidum improve the tolerance of E. faecium in mimic gut conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Ghori¹,

Tabassum²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2018

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The present study is designed to evaluate the impact of potential probiotics Enterococcus faecium QAUEF01 in single and its mix-culture with Geotrichum candidum QAUGC01 on the Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). In the mix-culture, both bacteria and yeast survived comparatively better under mimic gut conditions and showed higher hydrophobicity. Moreover, mix-culture showed comparatively more antipathogenic activity. A feeding trial of 90 days for L. rohita fingerlings comprising of three treatments, control group fed on basal diet, second group fed on E. faecium supplemented diet and third group was fed on mix-culture probiotics supplemented diet. Mix-culture probiotics fed group showed significantly higher (P<0.05) growth as compared to control. Better specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly correlated with the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE), protease and cellulase activity in probiotic fed fishes. The applied probiotics established well in fish gut and shown no harmful impact on fish physiology. Probiotic application distinctly modulated fish gut microbiome evident by increased level of friendly microbiota and exclusion of potential fish pathogens. The results suggested an effective eco-friendly strategy to boost the fish productivity.

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“…Coconut oil is a very important source of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs). They also stimulate Lactobacilli and therefore have a beneficial effect [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional methods used by patients for the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Hegde¹,

Ajila²,

Babu³

et al. 2017

J Intercult Ethnopharmacol

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Aim: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative condition of oral mucosa. Due to the lack of curative treatment in RAS, patients seek conventional and alternative treatments. Data regarding alternative treatments for RAS used by Indian population is lacking. Hence, the purpose of our study was to determine and describe the various traditional modalities used by patients with RAS. Methods: Present study was carried out in patients visiting dental hospital from 2015-2016. Detailed case history recording and clinical examination was done by trained professionals. Patients diagnosed with RAS were recruited in our study. Questionnaire was given for RAS patients and data obtained was analysed. Results: A total of 326 patients reported with RAS. The study sample consisted of 171 females (52.5%) and 155 males (47.5%). In our study 198 subjects (60.7%) gave history of receiving treatment and 128 subjects (39.3 %) did not receive any kind of treatment. Out of the 198 subjects, 63 (31.8%) of individuals received conventional treatment, alternative treatments were opted by 85 (43%) patients and combined treatment modalities were opted by 50 (25.2%) patients. Over the counter medications were used by 36 (18%) patients. Treatment outcome was satisfactory according to 137 (69%) individuals and treatment was not satisfactory for 61 (31%) patients. Conclusion: This study gives insight into the various traditional medicines used in south India for RAS and to the best of our knowledge, this is first study which describes the same. Our study adds new information to the current literature about traditional medications for RAS.

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Improvement of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Coconut Oil via Solid-State Fermentation Using a MalaysianGeotrichum candidum

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Fatty Acid Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and Activated Virgin Coconut Oil on Streptococcus mutans

Fatty Acid Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and Activated Virgin Coconut Oil on Streptococcus mutans

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Traditional methods used by patients for the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

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