Improvement of Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Diabetes by Long-Term Administration of a Palatinose-Based Liquid Formula as a Part of Breakfast

Abstract

A palatinose-based liquid formula (palatinose-formula), suppresses postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels in healthy men. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term palatinose-formula ingestion on glucose metabolism in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes. Two patients with IGT and 7 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in the palatinose-formula and dextrin-based liquid formula (dextrin-formula) loading test and long-term palatinose-formula administration study. After a 3-month control period, palatinose-formula (1046 kJ) was ingested daily by patients as a part of breakfast for 5 months. In the loading test, palatinose-formula suppressed postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels and areas under the curve compared with those after dextrin-formula ingestion. In the long-term study, glycated hemoglobin levels (after 3 months and 5 months of treatment) and serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels (after 5 months of treatment) were markedly decreased comparing with those at baseline. Intake of 1046 kJ palatinose-formula as a part of breakfast over a long-term period may be effective for improvement of glucose metabolism in patients with IGT or type 2 diabetes.

Effect of nutritional counseling and long term isomaltulose based liquid formula (MHN-01) intake on metabolic syndrome

“…A previous study demonstrated that peak plasma glucose and IRI levels at 30 min after MHN-01 loading were lower than after SBF loading in the human study. ( 13 , 14 ) Postprandial fat oxidation rates in the MHN-01 group were higher than those in the SBF group. The free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in the MHN-01 group immediately before lunch was significantly lower than that in the SBF group.…”

“…( 10 , 11 ) In our previous studies, the isomaltulose based liquid formula (MHN-01) containing isomaltulose and oleic acid suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in humans and Sprague-Dawley rats, reduces visceral fat accumulation, and improves insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. ( 12 – 14 ) Consumption of MHN-01 at breakfast also appeared to improve glycemic control by reducing postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels after lunch (second meal effect) in healthy men. ( 13 ) However, it is not clear that the effect of continuous MHN-01 intake at breakfast improves glucose metabolism in metabolic syndrome.…”

High Glycemic Index Metabolic Damage – a Pivotal Role of GIP and GLP-1

“…This raises the question whether lowering of GIP release by intake of isomaltulose improves metabolic parameters in humans. Indeed, the intake of isomaltulose for 4-20 weeks in controlled diet studies improved insulin sensitivity in humans with metabolic diseases, while sucrose showed no such effect [18, 46,47]. Improvements of insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-IR) were observed in a randomized controlled double-blind prospective study in patients with metabolic syndrome [48].…”

Lower postprandial glucose responses at baseline and after 4 weeks use of a diabetes-specific formula in diabetes type 2 patients

“…For diabetes patients in need of nutritional support, specific oral formulas have been developed, which aim to result in lower (postprandial) glucose levels than standard formulas. Traditionally, these formulas contained less carbohydrate (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) energy percent (En%)) and typically more fat (40-50 En%), with a large contribution from monounsaturated fatty acids, typically more than 60% of total fat content [12]. However, nutritional guidelines for diabetes patients published by the Diabetes Nutrition Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommend that the fat content of a diet should not exceed 35 En%, and carbohydrate intake should range between 45 and 60 En% [13].…”