2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.003
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High Glycemic Index Metabolic Damage – a Pivotal Role of GIP and GLP-1

Abstract: When glucose-fructose dimers are supplied as the slowly digestible, completely absorbable, low glycemic index (GI) sugar isomaltulose, the detrimental effects of high GI sucrose are avoided. This difference requires the presence of intact glucose-induced insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR) and is mediated by the rapid uptake of glucose and the stimulation of GIP release from K cells in the upper small intestine. GIP promotes lipogenesis, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and postprandial inflammation, and re… Show more

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Cited by 58 publications
(50 citation statements)
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References 64 publications
(109 reference statements)
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“…Moreover, central GIP related pathways are suggested to be involved in epigenetic programming of peripheral gene expression related to a reduction of fatty acids oxidation, observed as increased methylation of promoter of carnitine palmitoyltransferase gene (CPT1α) [58]. GIP acts in the brain by increasing the expression of the orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and by modulating central AKT-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, resulting in decreased fat oxidation in muscle and fatty liver [2].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Moreover, central GIP related pathways are suggested to be involved in epigenetic programming of peripheral gene expression related to a reduction of fatty acids oxidation, observed as increased methylation of promoter of carnitine palmitoyltransferase gene (CPT1α) [58]. GIP acts in the brain by increasing the expression of the orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and by modulating central AKT-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, resulting in decreased fat oxidation in muscle and fatty liver [2].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As an incretin hormone, GIP is released within minutes upon intake of meal and, in the presence of elevated blood glucose, potentiates insulin secretion [1]. Several nutritional factors, including meal size, diet composition, glycemic index, or type of fat, can affect GIP secretion [2,3]. Chronic exposure to a high-fat diet in the presence of elevated blood glucose increases the expression of GIP in the gut [4], and induces K cell hyperplasia [5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Der SGLT-1-Rezeptor ist für die Vermittlung der hormonellen Auswirkungen von Kohlenhydraten auf die post-prandialen Insulinspiegel wichtig [7]. Menschen mit einer speziellen SGLT-1-Mutation nehmen Kohlenhydrate aus dem Darm deutlich langsamer auf als Menschen ohne den Gendefekt -sozusagen eine genetisch bedingte Veranlagung zu geringeren postprandialen Blutzucker-und Insulinspitzen.…”
Section: Mendelian-randomization-studie Spricht Für Low Carbunclassified
“…Werden Kohlenhydrate im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt schnell resorbiert, dann stimulieren sie besonders stark das gastrointestinale insulinotrope Peptid (GIP). Wird dieselbe Kohlenhydratmenge erst weiter distal im Dünndarm aufgenommen, bleibt dieser starke insulinotrope E ekt dagegen aus [7].…”
Section: Schnell Verfügbare Kohlenhydrate Steigern Die De-novo-lipogeunclassified
“…Eine niedrig-glykämische Ernährungsweise gilt als vielversprechender Ansatz bei Adipositas [11,12]. Dabei ist das wesentliche Ziel, durch eine geeignete Ernährung Blutzuckerschwankungen zu minimieren [13]. Stark schwankende Blutzuckerspiegel und insbesondere erhöhte Blutzuckerantworten nach Nahrungsaufnahme erhöhen das Risiko von Übergewicht und Adipositas [14].…”
Section: Niedrig-glykämische Ernährungunclassified