Improvement of Duration-Based Water Rights Management with Optimal Water Intake On/Off Events

Abstract

Water rights management modeling was considered the useful measure to ensure efficient water resources allocation and to avoid intensifying conflicts over water rights. Regarding to the two major patterns of water rights across the world, namely, quantitative water rights (QWR) and duration-based water rights (DWR), the corresponding measures are fastidious. Since QWR was established to set water entitlements instead of DWR in Heihe River Basin, China, the disability of usual DWR tool, managing water diversion by water intakes closing (WIC) during a certain period, has arisen increasingly. The historical data also reflected the low reliability of DWR in allocating water resources quantitatively without modeling guidelines. Aimed at the challenge, a modeling framework and a mixed integer optimization model (MIOM) combing QWR objectives and DWR tools were developed, by which the optimal schemes in Pareto frontier were found to improve the water intake on/off events, including WIC stages, duration days, and starting date through long term series probability analysis and historical data. Results showed that the reliability of DWR allocation was enhanced and WIC duration was reduced significantly compared with current regulation. Scenario analyses indicated that MIOM was powerful for assisting DWR tool to manage QWR and the proposed framework was able to manage water rights efficiently in comparable basins.

Decision Support Model for Ecological Operation of Reservoirs Based on Dynamic Bayesian Network

“…The uncertainty of reservoir ecological flow management derives from the uncertainty of reservoir inflow runoff and water demand. Domestic and industrial water demand is relatively stable [7,29]. Therefore, the uncertainty of water demand mainly derives from the uncertainty of agricultural water demand.…”

“…In arid areas, the requirement of water in industrial and urban life is less but requires a high guaranteed rate. It should be satisfied in any case [7]. So, the economic loss of water supply is mainly from the economic loss of agriculture.…”

“…Since ecological flow management is viewed as an integrated management of water resources, it is necessary to establish a decision support model for water withdrawal to cooperate with the SBA for flow management. Two important challenges that should be overcome are: (i) the response relationship between the flow and river ecosystem and (ii) the multi-objective coordination between the ecological and economic objectives [6,7]. However, these challenges are not addressed in this study.…”

Scenario Analysis of Initial Water-Rights Allocation to Improve Regional Water Productivities

“…Zeng et al [7] proposed an exact scenario analysis method to reflect various system benefits under changed water-rights scenarios, which could support adjustment to the current water trading policy in an arid region of China. Wang et al [15] developed a scenario analysis modeling framework and a mixed integer optimization model (MIOM) to optimize water intake on/off events, which could improve the efficiency of water-rights management in comparable basins. In SA, the risk attitudes (risk seeking/risk neutral/risk avoiding) of policymakers are deemed an important factor in the process of scenario design; various subjective estimations of policymakers (including risk attitudes) to natural features and artificial features can influence decision-making, leading to varied outcomes [11].…”

Optimization of main functions of river basin and redistribution of water resources in the Yellow River

“…1 期 马 涛 等：流域主体功能优化与黄河水资源再分配 平衡性，具有一定的科学性和可操作性 [9] 。但随着黄河流域沿岸地区经济社会的发展，早 前"八七"分水方案指标时效性不足、黄河向流域外的河北和天津输送水资源、在枯水 时期等比例削减流域内外省份配水量 [10] 等问题，进一步加剧了黄河自身水资源供给不 足。此外，流域生态环境用水长期被经济建设用水挤占 [11] ，导致流域水环境进一步恶化。 目前国内外流域的各类水资源分配方法还不能完全解决黄河水资源短缺和生态保护 不足的现实问题。从流域主体功能优化角度对流域水资源再分配进行分析对实现流域空 间生态保护与可持续发展是一种新探索。目前对黄河流域水资源分配合理性与科学性的 研究，主要集中在现阶段水权分配模式研究上，依据人口、面积、产值、混合、现状和 市场等指标确定分配依据，或依据流域不同地区、不同企业及不同社会主体的偏好进行 分配。国际上较典型的流域水资源分配机制更加复杂，依据流域内国家数量、国家流域 面积、各国人口、国家贡献率等指标确定分配模式 [12] 。但单一水资源分配方式不具有全 面性，适应性的水资源分配是解决水资源利用的关键 [13] 。从主体功能视角看，黄河流域 现行水资源分配机制在流域主体功能量上存在较大的优化空间，但需要对黄河各类水资 源利用结构与异质性主体功能的关系进行科学分析。 基于此，本文尝试科学界定流域空间的主体功能属性，建立流域主体功能与流域水资 源利用方式与跨行政区主体功能实现的理论描述，推进流域国土空间的主体功能定量计算 与优化，应用到流域人口、生态资源环境与可持续发展的分析中，实现流域跨行政区统筹、 异质性主体功能协调的初步核算与转译，探索对黄河流域水资源再分配政策设计的新思路。 1 流域主体功能与水资源分配…”