Improvement of capacitive deionization performance via using a Tiron-grafted TiO2 nanoparticle layer on porous carbon electrode

Min, Byeong Ho; Choi, Jae‐Hwan; Jung, Kyeong Youl

doi:10.1007/s11814-017-0270-3

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As seen in expressions ( 4) and ( 5), the ion diffusion property is assessed by the Warburg coefficient, the value of which is equal to the slope of the Randle plot in the low frequency region. 57 As shown in Fig. 8b, the resultant values of the cells fouled by HA, BSA and their mixture increased from 0.0167 (raw electrode) to 0.0236, 0.0369, and 0.0725 Ω/s −1/2 , respectively, indicating that organic fouling reduced the ion diffusion rate and that BSA caused a slower ion diffusion rate than HA.…”

Section: Relation Between Desalination Performance and Depositedmentioning

confidence: 80%

Desalination Performance and Fouling Mechanism of Capacitive Deionization: Effects of Natural Organic Matter

Wang

Liang

Bai

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This article focuses on the capacitive deionization (CDI) performance and fouling mechanism during individual/combined fouling with natural organic matter (NOM). The desalination performance of CDI was significantly reduced in the presence of NOM and decreased as the NOM concentration increased. This was attributed to the fact that NOM deposition changed the adsorption site, resistance and capacitance characteristics of the electrode. The migration behaviors of NOM in the CDI system were studied by mass conservation, and the deposition of humic acid (HA) on the electrode was greater than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA). However, BSA induced more severe CDI fouling and caused a 40% reduction in the adsorption capacity of the CDI system, due to the different deposited morphologies on the electrode surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that HA was mainly adsorbed in the pores of the electrode, while BSA was deposited on the electrode surface in the form of obvious contamination spots due to agglomeration, resulting in a further decrease in the adsorption sites for CDI. In addition, compared to HA, the resistance of the CDI system fouled by BSA was increased by 25%, while the capacitance was reduced by 15%.

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Section: Relation Between Desalination Performance and Depositedmentioning

confidence: 80%

Desalination Performance and Fouling Mechanism of Capacitive Deionization: Effects of Natural Organic Matter

Wang

Liang

Bai

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…They discovered that elevated PVDF content deactivated the redox functional groups and inhibited Faradaic reactions. A few electrode–polymer composites [ 457 , 458 ] and titania-assisted carbon composites [ 409 , 459 ] have also shown the capability for inhibiting Faradaic reactions. However, the amount of attached titania on the electrode surface should be controlled within a certain range to not reduce capacitance by blocking electrode pores [ 460 ].…”

Section: Membrane Capacitive Deionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

et al. 2021

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Climate change, population growth, and increased industrial activities are exacerbating freshwater scarcity and leading to increased interest in desalination of saline water. Brackish water is an attractive alternative to freshwater due to its low salinity and widespread availability in many water-scarce areas. However, partial or total desalination of brackish water is essential to reach the water quality requirements for a variety of applications. Selection of appropriate technology requires knowledge and understanding of the operational principles, capabilities, and limitations of the available desalination processes. Proper combination of feedwater technology improves the energy efficiency of desalination. In this article, we focus on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane desalination processes. We review the principles, as well as challenges and recent improvements for reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). RO is the dominant membrane process for large-scale desalination of brackish water with higher salinity, while ED and MCDI are energy-efficient for lower salinity ranges. Selective removal of multivalent components makes NF an excellent option for water softening. Brackish water desalination with membrane processes faces a series of challenges. Membrane fouling and scaling are the common issues associated with these processes, resulting in a reduction in their water recovery and energy efficiency. To overcome such adverse effects, many efforts have been dedicated toward development of pre-treatment steps, surface modification of membranes, use of anti-scalant, and modification of operational conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the fouling propensity of the feed water. In addition to the fouling and scaling, each process may face other challenges depending on their state of development and maturity. This review provides recent advances in the material, architecture, and operation of these processes that can assist in the selection and design of technologies for particular applications. The active research directions to improve the performance of these processes are also identified. The review shows that technologies that are tunable and particularly efficient for partial desalination such as ED and MCDI are increasingly competitive with traditional RO processes. Development of cost-effective ion exchange membranes with high chemical and mechanical stability can further improve the economy of desalination with electro-membrane processes and advance their future applications.

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“…In addition to the recovery of Li ions from brine, desalinated water itself also becomes progressively more important. To obtain refined water from brine, many desalination systems have been studied. − The ideal system, which produces refined water and recovers lithium from saline simultaneously, however, has not yet been reported . This is because the mechanisms of desalination and Li-ion recovery conflict with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Desalination and Recovery of Lithium from Saline Water upon Operation of a Capacitive Deionization Cell Combined with a Redox Flow Battery

2021

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With the drastic growth in the demand for lithium, recovery technologies that remove Li ions from a brine solution are attracting more interest. In this field, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been suggested in various studies because it is energy efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly. These selective processes, however, have not been accompanied by desalination, which is a nonselective process by which salt ions are removed from the brine. In this work, a new-concept system has been designed for the simultaneous desalination and recovery of Li from the brine, in which the two different ion-exchange membranes separate the two electrochemically active spaces of desalination and lithium recovery. It is originally based on the combination of a redox flow battery (RFB) and CDI. The CDI cell has been sandwiched between two electrodes of a RFB, which has been operated and desalinates the brine simultaneously with the charging step of the RFB. In addition, an ion sieve (λ-MnO 2 ) has been utilized in the anolyte tank of the RFB cell, which selectively captures the lithium ions during desalination in CDI and charging in RFB. This combined system has been operated successfully with good desalination performances along with high selectivity in lithium-ion capture.

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Improvement of capacitive deionization performance via using a Tiron-grafted TiO2 nanoparticle layer on porous carbon electrode

Cited by 20 publications

References 55 publications

Desalination Performance and Fouling Mechanism of Capacitive Deionization: Effects of Natural Organic Matter

Desalination Performance and Fouling Mechanism of Capacitive Deionization: Effects of Natural Organic Matter

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

Electrochemical Desalination and Recovery of Lithium from Saline Water upon Operation of a Capacitive Deionization Cell Combined with a Redox Flow Battery

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