Improvement of axial forging process for spline shaft by die design

Ben, Ning-yu; Zhang, Qi; Zhang, Dawei

doi:10.1007/s00170-018-2594-5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Applied sub-critical heat treatment transforms the lamellar cementite into spheroidal form and the final microstructure has a lower yield point which facilities the cold forming process [22,23]. As a result, stress evolution during the forming process decreases and failures such as splits can be avoided [18]. In addition, the stress distribution also represents the residual stresses after manufacturing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the end, a multiphase microstructure (polygonal ferrite, dispersed pearlite, granular bainite and retained austenite) was obtained. In addition to these studies, commercial FEM software Forge® NxT 3.2, developed by TRANSVALOR S.A, was used to model various cold forming operations [17,18,19]. However, little effort has been paid to analysing 27MnB4 steel with computational methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Effect of Heat Treatment on the Cold Forging of 27mnb4 Steel via Calphad Methodology and Fem

AKYILDIZ

Kutsal

ARSLAN>³

et al. 2023

Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences

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As a material forming method, cold forging is preferred due to the reasons like absence of a heating step and high surface quality. Recently, the finite element method (FEM) has received growing attention for controlling and predicting final material properties for cold forging applications. FEM combines microstructure evolution models with failure criteria, thus providing solutions to complicated problems in the modern cold forging industry. The fastener industry extensively utilizes cold forging, in which manganese and boron-containing steels like 27MnB4 can be formed to obtain high mechanical properties. The current study investigates the effect of two different heat treatments, namely softening and spheroidizing annealing, on the formability of 27MnB4 bolts. Softwares such as Thermo-Calc 2022a and Forge NxT 3.2 were used to predict the microstructure of the wire rod and evaluate the cold forming process of the same rod under two different heat treatment conditions. Therefore, the current study also provides a relationship between microstructural features and the cold formability of 27MnB4 steel. The microstructure of 27MnB4 is predicted by CCT diagrams. The predicted microstructure corresponds to the microstructure of 27MnB4 samples taken from the production line. In addition, temperature, von Mises stress, and equivalent strain distributions for 27MnB4 steel in the hot rolled state were calculated higher than in annealed states due to the differences in the microstructure. These results demonstrate that computational material engineering methods and simulation techniques could be practical tools for cold forming processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%