Improved Sulfur Tolerance of SOFCs through Surface Modification of Anodes

Hays, Thomas; Hussain, A. Mohammed; Huang, Yi‐Lin; McOwen, Dennis W.; Wachsman, Eric D.

doi:10.1021/acsaem.7b00354

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…As to Ni-CGO anodes for CO conversion tolerance has been demonstrated at H 2 S concentrations up to 20 ppm (see Figure 1 ) and the sulfur poisoning behavior was reversible for the investigated short exposure times (Riegraf et al, 2017 ). Also, infiltration of CGO nanoparticles into porous Ni-CGO-based SOFC reduces sulfur poisoning and is beneficial to stabilizing the performances of SOFCs: infiltrated SOFCs show stable performance with sulfur contaminated fuel for over 290 h, while unmodified SOFCs become inoperative after 60 h (Hays et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Technological Applications Of Ceo 2 -Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Doped Ceria: The Complex Connection Between Structure and Properties

et al. 2018

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The need for high efficiency energy production, conversion, storage and transport is serving as a robust guide for the development of new materials. Materials with physical-chemical properties matching specific functions in devices are produced by suitably tuning the crystallographic- defect- and micro-structure of the involved phases. In this review, we discuss the case of Rare Earth doped Ceria. Due to their high oxygen diffusion coefficient at temperatures higher than ~500°C, they are very promising materials for several applications such as electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel and Electrolytic Cells (SOFC and SOEC, respectively). Defects are integral part of the conduction process, hence of the final application. As the fluorite structure of ceria is capable of accommodating a high concentration of lattice defects, the characterization and comprehension of such complex and highly defective materials involve expertise spanning from computational chemistry, physical chemistry, catalysis, electrochemistry, microscopy, spectroscopy, and crystallography. Results coming from different experimental and computational techniques will be reviewed, showing that structure determination (at different scale length) plays a pivotal role bridging theoretical calculation and physical properties of these complex materials.

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Section: Technological Applications Of Ceo 2 -Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Doped Ceria: The Complex Connection Between Structure and Properties

et al. 2018

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“…Ni-GDC (Gd 3 + -doped CeO 2 ) and Ni-YSZ (Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 ) are common cermet anodes for LT and HT-SOFCs, respectively. [19] The microstructure of Ni-GDC cermet anodes prepared by the wet-chemical synthesis route is shown in Figure 3(a-d), the crystallinity of highly dispersed Ni and GDC was confirmed using an advanced TEM lattice imaging techni-que. Such an ability of Ni-GDC originates from the Ce 3 + /4 + redox couple and fast oxide ion conductivity in GDC.…”

Section: Brief Status Of Lt-sofc Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12c] The Ni phase of Ni-GDC cermet offers both electrical conductivity and catalytic activity (e. g., H 2 /CO oxidation reactions), while the GDC phase in cermet anodes assists in the enlargement of triple phase boundaries for effective electrode processes. [19] The microstructure of Ni-GDC cermet anodes prepared by the wet-chemical synthesis route is shown in Figure 3(a-d), the crystallinity of highly dispersed Ni and GDC was confirmed using an advanced TEM lattice imaging techni-que. [20] Moreover, the GDC and Ni phases occupy nearly half of the cermet composition, typically 1 : 1 by volume, to provide uninterrupted oxide ion and electronic conductivity.…”

Section: Brief Status Of Lt-sofc Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquids‐to‐Power Using Low‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Hussain

Wachsman

2018

Energy Tech

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at high temperatures (>800 °C) have been overlooked in the past for automotive applications, primarily due to their longer start‐up times and inability to load follow (quickly respond to varying power demands). However, lower operating temperature SOFCs (LT‐SOFCs) enable more rapid start‐up and several other benefits. The rapid deployment of cost‐effective LT‐SOFC technology for automotive applications relies on the utilization of conventional ‘‘drop‐in’’ fuels (e. g., gasoline, diesel, ethanol etc.), that adapts the existing fuel distribution infrastructure. In particular, the liquid‐fed LT‐SOFCs have the potential to deliver higher “well‐to‐wheels” fuel conversion efficiencies than H2‐fed fuel cells as well as take advantage of the higher fuel energy density. Therefore, this review focuses on the benefits/challenges of low‐temperature SOFCs (350–650 °C) running on liquid fuels. The critical role of anodes and requirements/status of advanced anode materials for the direct utilization of liquid fuels in LT‐SOFCs are highlighted.

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“…Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are able to convert hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide and oxygen-rich air [11,12] or biofuels produced by biomass gasification and anaerobic digestion [13,14] in electric energy with high conversion efficiency. Some research studies were conducted on innovative components' materials to reduce the SOFCs operating temperature [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of an Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Test Bench under a CO2-H2O Feed Stream

2018

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Renewable sources and electric distribution network can produce or make available a surplus of electric and thermal energies. The Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (IT-SOE) fed by CO2-steam mixtures can store these electric and thermal energies producing CO-H2 mixtures with high conversion efficiency. Inside the IT-SOE, the CO2-steam mixtures are converted into CO-H2 mixtures and O2 through cathodic and anodic electrochemical reactions and reverse water gas shift chemical reactions. In this article an IT-SOE stack fed by different types of steam mixtures was tested at different operating temperatures and the stack polarization and electric power curves were detected experimentally. At the highest hydrogen production operating temperature of the stack fed by steam mixtures, the experimental polarization and electric power curves of the stack fed by steam and CO2-steam mixtures were compared. A simulation model of the IT-SOE system (stack and furnace) fed by CO2-steam mixtures was formulated ad hoc and implemented in a MatLab environment and experimentally validated. At the highest hydrogen production stack operating temperature, the IT-SOE system thermal equilibrium current was evaluated through the simulation model. Moreover, the influence of this current on the IT-SOE system efficiency and the CO-H2 mixture degree of purity was highlighted.

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Improved Sulfur Tolerance of SOFCs through Surface Modification of Anodes

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Rare Earth Doped Ceria: The Complex Connection Between Structure and Properties

Rare Earth Doped Ceria: The Complex Connection Between Structure and Properties

Liquids‐to‐Power Using Low‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Performance Analysis of an Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Test Bench under a CO2-H2O Feed Stream

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