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h i g h l i g h t s < Infiltration of Ni, Pt, Pd, Ru and CGO electrocatalysts precursors. < Strontium titanate based ceramic anodes with an addition of Ni in noble metals containing electrocatalysts. < Binary and ternary electrocatalyst for hydrogen oxidation. < Low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Keywords:Low temperature solid oxide fuel cell anodes Porous Sr 0.94 Ti 0.9 Nb 0.1 O 3 Infiltration Noble metals Ni and CGO electrocatalyst a b s t r a c t Electrocatalyst precursor of various combinations: Pt, Ru, Pd, Ni and Gd-doped CeO 2 (CGO) were infiltrated into a porous Sr 0.94 Ti 0.9 Nb 0.1 O 3 (STN) backbone, to study the electrode performance of infiltrated ceramic anodes at low temperature ranges of 400e600 C. The performance of the binary electrocatalyst infiltrated ceramic backbones are PteCGO>RueCGO>PdeCGO>NieCGO. Ternary electrocatalyst of Ni ePdeCGO and NiePteCGO showed the lowest polarization resistance of 0.31 and 0.11 Ucm 2 , respectively at 600 C in H 2 /3% H 2 O. The average particle size of the ternary electrocatalyst was larger than the binary PdeCGO and PteCGO due to the particle coarsening of Ni nanoparticles. High resolution transmission electron microscopic analysis on the best performing NiePteCGO electrocatalyst infiltrated anode reveals the formation of NiePt nanocrystalline alloy and a homogenous distribution of nanoparticles on STN backbone.

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Cost-effective cathodes that actively catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are one of the major challenges for the technological advancement of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). In particular, cobalt has been an essential element in electrocatalysts for efficiently catalyzing the ORR; nevertheless, the cost, safety, and stability issues of cobalt in cathode materials remain a severe drawback for SOFC development. Here, we demonstrated that by appropriate nanoengineering, we can overcome the inherent electrocatalytic advantages of cobalt-based cathodes to achieve comparable performance with a cobalt-free electrocatalyst on a bismuth-based fast oxygen ion-conducting scaffold that simultaneously enhances the performance and stability of LT-SOFCs. Consequently, the peak power density of the SOFCs reaches 1.2 W/cm at 600 °C, highest performance of a cobalt-free-based cathode that has been ever reported. In addition, by the surface-protecting effect of covered nanoelectrocatalysts, the evaporation of highly volatile bismuth is greatly suppressed, resulting in an 80% improvement in performance durability, the best among all reported bismuth-based fuel cells.