Improved structure and highly conductive lignin-carbon fibers through graphene oxide liquid crystal

Torres-Canas, Fernando; Bentaleb, Ahmed; Föllmer, Marie; Roman, Julien; Néri, Wilfrid; Ly, Isabelle; Derré, Alain; Poulin, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.02.077

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Crystallinity percentage tends to decrease when the CBS particles are added due to the CBS components. Hemicellulose and lignin identified in the TGA analysis are amorphous polymers, while cellulose has more crystalline regions [ 61 , 62 ]. This behavior coincides with results obtained by Hong et al for PLA and Bagasse [ 2 ], and by Chatterjee et al for PP and jute fiber [ 63 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of a 3D Printed Cocoa Bean Shell Filled Recycled Polypropylene for Sustainable Composites

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural filler-based composites are an environmentally friendly and potentially sustainable alternative to synthetic or plastic counterparts. Recycling polymers and using agro-industrial wastes are measures that help to achieve a circular economy. Thus, this work presents the development and characterization of a 3D printing filament based on recycled polypropylene and cocoa bean shells, which has not been explored yet. The obtained composites were thermally and physically characterized. In addition, the warping effect, mechanical, and morphological analyses were performed on 3D printed specimens. Thermal analysis exhibited decreased thermal stability when cacao bean shell (CBS) particles were added due to their lignocellulosic content. A reduction in both melting enthalpy and crystallinity percentage was identified. This is caused by the increase in the amorphous structures present in the hemicellulose and lignin of the CBS. Mechanical tests showed high dependence of the mechanical properties on the 3D printing raster angle. Tensile strength increased when a raster angle of 0° was used, compared to specimens printed at 90°, due to the load direction. Tensile strength and fracture strain were improved with CBS addition in specimens printed at 90°, and better bonding between adjacent layers was achieved. Electron microscope images identified particle fracture, filler-matrix debonding, and matrix breakage as the central failure mechanisms. These failure mechanisms are attributed to the poor interfacial bonding between the CBS particles and the matrix, which reduced the tensile properties of specimens printed at 0°. On the other hand, the printing process showed that cocoa bean shell particles reduced by 67% the characteristic warping effect of recycled polypropylene during 3D printing, which is advantageous for 3D printing applications of the rPP. Thereby, potential sustainable natural filler composite filaments for 3D printing applications with low density and low cost can be developed, adding value to agro-industrial and plastic wastes.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of a 3D Printed Cocoa Bean Shell Filled Recycled Polypropylene for Sustainable Composites

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to the abovementioned investigations, a preferred orientation was introduced by the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into lignin [ 137 ] to achieve wet-spun precursor fibers and carbon fibers with higher graphitic structure [ 161 ]. However, it was found that GO had little contribution to the reinforcement of either precursors or carbon fibers processed at high temperature due to porosity [ 161 ]. Similarly, carbon fibers wet-spun from lignin/PVA blends ( Figure 8 c) showed a porous structure ( Figure 8 d), which corresponded to poor mechanical performance [ 138 ].…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Of Lignin-based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lin

Cheng

2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin’s spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.

show abstract

“…Graphene oxide (GO) has been used to mix with cellulosic materials to alter the morphology of their hydrothermal carbonization product to make the carbon product more conductive [ 79 , 80 ]. Similarly, GO liquid crystal could be added into lignin-based carbon fibers as a templating agent to direct the ordering of lignin molecules during the wet-spinning process and accelerate the formation of a graphitic structure even at low carbonization temperatures, resulting in highly conductive carbon fibers [ 81 ]. Newcomb et al showed that the addition of 0.5 to 1 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNT) resulted in around a 25% increase in electrical conductivity and up to 100% increase in the thermal conductivity of the PAN-based carbon fiber [ 82 ].…”

Section: Lignin As Carbon Fiber Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Application of Functionalized Lignin in Value-Added Polymeric Materials

Wang

Meng

et al. 2020

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quest for converting lignin into high-value products has been continuously pursued in the past few decades. In its native form, lignin is a group of heterogeneous polymers comprised of phenylpropanoids. The major commercial lignin streams, including Kraft lignin, lignosulfonates, soda lignin and organosolv lignin, are produced from industrial processes including the paper and pulping industry and emerging lignocellulosic biorefineries. Although lignin has been viewed as a low-cost and renewable feedstock to replace petroleum-based materials, its utilization in polymeric materials has been suppressed due to the low reactivity and inherent physicochemical properties of lignin. Hence, various lignin modification strategies have been developed to overcome these problems. Herein, we review recent progress made in the utilization of functionalized lignins in commodity polymers including thermoset resins, blends/composites, grafted functionalized copolymers and carbon fiber precursors. In the synthesis of thermoset resins such as polyurethane, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy, they are covalently incorporated into the polymer matrix, and the discussion is focused on chemical modifications improving the reactivity of technical lignins. In blends/composites, functionalization of technical lignins is based upon tuning the intermolecular forces between polymer components. In addition, grafted functional polymers have expanded the utilization of lignin-based copolymers to biomedical materials and value-added additives. Different modification approaches have also been applied to facilitate the application of lignin as carbon fiber precursors, heavy metal adsorbents and nanoparticles. These emerging fields will create new opportunities in cost-effectively integrating the lignin valorization into lignocellulosic biorefineries.

show abstract

Improved structure and highly conductive lignin-carbon fibers through graphene oxide liquid crystal

Cited by 42 publications

References 54 publications

Development and Characterization of a 3D Printed Cocoa Bean Shell Filled Recycled Polypropylene for Sustainable Composites

Development and Characterization of a 3D Printed Cocoa Bean Shell Filled Recycled Polypropylene for Sustainable Composites

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Recent Advances in the Application of Functionalized Lignin in Value-Added Polymeric Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About