Improved Separation of Intact Glucosinolates in Bee Pollen by Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Effect of fermentation stages on glucosinolate profiles in kimchi: Quantification of 14 intact glucosinolates using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…The calibration curves of all intact glucosinolates showed excellent coefficients of determination (r 2 ≥ 0.9991; Table 2 ). Moreover, the LOD and LOQ values of all intact glucosinolates were lower than 11 and 35 nmol/L, respectively, which were lower than those reported previously ( Bernal et al, 2019 , Hooshmand and Fomsgaard, 2021 , Maldini et al, 2017 ).…”

“…As shown in Figure S2 , the chromatographic separation of 14 intact glucosinolates was completed within 9 min. The overall run time required to obtain a reproducible retention time was 12 min, which is shorter than that reported previously ( Thomas et al, 2018 , Bernal et al, 2019 , Hooshmand and Fomsgaard, 2021 ).…”

“…Glucosinolates are typically determined by analyzing desulfoglucosinolates after the enzymatic desulfation of intact glucosinolates using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet or diode array detection ( Hennig et al, 2012 , Klopsch et al, 2017 ). However, with the advancement of technologies, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), which avoids the time-consuming and poorly controlled desulfation step ( Bernal et al, 2019 , Hooshmand and Fomsgaard, 2021 ), has been used for the profiling of intact glucosinolates. Moreover, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography have been shown to improve the resolution and sensitivity of the techniques and enable faster separation of glucosinolates ( Thomas et al, 2018 , Capriotti et al, 2018 , Bernal et al, 2019 ).…”

“…However, with the advancement of technologies, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), which avoids the time-consuming and poorly controlled desulfation step ( Bernal et al, 2019 , Hooshmand and Fomsgaard, 2021 ), has been used for the profiling of intact glucosinolates. Moreover, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography have been shown to improve the resolution and sensitivity of the techniques and enable faster separation of glucosinolates ( Thomas et al, 2018 , Capriotti et al, 2018 , Bernal et al, 2019 ). The complexity of the kimchi matrix comprising various ingredients (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2001 ), makes it difficult to obtain reliable and accurate results.…”