Improved separation and analysis of glycolipids by Iatroscan thin-layer chromatography–flame ionization detection

We characterize the distribution of oceanic phosphorus-containing lipids (PL) in the Northeast Atlantic by Iatroscan thin layer chromatography and high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Phospholipids are a small but significant fraction of oceanic particulate organic carbon (POC) (1.5%). We describe the distribution of 1,862 PL compounds in total, of which only ~27% have elemental compositions that match those found in the Nature Lipidomics Gateway database (e.g., phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidyl serine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI)). The highest phospholipid concentration is found in the epipelagic, which reflects primary production in that depth horizon. Depthrelated PL removal was the strongest for PL signals that match database-reported (known) lipids and was lower for saturated non-database (novel) matched PL. The transformation of known PL is marked by depth-related increase in saturation with PA that is assumed to be generated as the earliest transformation product of PL. Novel unsaturated P-lipids likely originate from both PL transformation processes and insitu biological production at the surface layer. Novel PL are dominated by unsaturated compounds for which unsaturation increased between the epipelagic (average molecular double bond equivalents, DBE=5) and the abyssopelagic (average DBE=6.7) zones. Additionally, those compounds increase in both average molecular weight and contribution to all lipid content with increasing depth, likely from crosslinking of unsaturated compounds. Our data indicate that novel PL are selectively preserved with depth and therefore are P and C carriers to the deep Atlantic. We demonstrate that a full appreciation of

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“…Total lipid concentration was obtained by summing all lipid classes quantified by TLC-FID. Details of the procedure are described in 2017).…”

Section: Pre-print Versionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids as a component of the oceanic phosphorus cycle

et al. 2018

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“…Total lipid concentrations were obtained by summing all lipid classes quantified by TLC-FID. A detailed description of the procedure is described in Gašparović et al [ 21 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the life strategy of the common marine diatom Chaetoceros peruvianus Brightwell

et al. 2018

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Chaetoceros peruvianus is a marine diatom species with circumglobal distribution. While frequently observed, it appears never to dominate the marine phytoplankton community hence it can be characterized as a rather opportunistic, generalistic species. Here we present ecological interpretations from a long-term data set on marine microphytoplankton in the northern Adriatic Sea, where the abundancies and relative contributions of C. peruvianus were observed along a set of steep ecological gradients. Limited supply of dissolved inorganic phosphate was identified as the driving ecological factor for this ecosystem. In parallel C. peruvianus was cultivated in monoclonal cultures and its morphological and physiological reaction to replete and phosphorus depleted medium was analysed. C. peruvianus reacted to phosphorus depletion by an increase in cell height and length as well as thickness and length of setae. This morphological reaction included an increase in cellular volume and calculated carbon content. Additionally, it represents the transition between two described morphological varieties, C. peruvianus and C. peruvianus var. robusta. C. peruvianus showed a significant induction of extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity if grown in phosphate depleted medium. Microscopical analysis demonstrated this activity to be located exclusively on the setae of the cells.

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“…In a study using a solvent system of chloroform/acetone (97:3, v: v) and TLC-UV, Alternaria mycotoxins (AME, AOH, TeA, ATX-I, and ATX-II) were detected in tomatoes. The predominant mycotoxins found in spoiled tomatoes were AOH, AME, and TeA, with LODs of 100, 100, and 700 µg kg -1 for AOH, AME, and TeA, respectively ( Gašparović et al., 2015 ). The presence of AOH, AME, ALT, ATX-I, and TEN in A. alternata IMI 354942 cultures was detected using TLC-UV.…”

Section: Detection Technology Of Patulin and Alternaria ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review on patulin and Alternaria toxins in fruit and derived products

Bacha

Nie

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungi, which can contaminate various food commodities, including fruits and their derived products. Patulin and Alternaria toxins are among the most commonly encountered mycotoxins in fruit and their derived products. In this review, the sources, toxicity, and regulations related to these mycotoxins, as well as their detection and mitigation strategies are widely discussed. Patulin is a mycotoxin produced mainly by the fungal genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys. Alternaria toxins, produced by fungi in the Alternaria genus, are another common group of mycotoxins found in fruits and fruit products. The most prevalent Alternaria toxins are alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). These mycotoxins are of concern due to their potential negative effects on human health. Ingesting fruits contaminated with these mycotoxins can cause acute and chronic health problems. Detection of patulin and Alternaria toxins in fruit and their derived products can be challenging due to their low concentrations and the complexity of the food matrices. Common analytical methods, good agricultural practices, and contamination monitoring of these mycotoxins are important for safe consumption of fruits and derived products. And Future research will continue to explore new methods for detecting and managing these mycotoxins, with the ultimate goal of ensuring the safety and quality of fruits and derived product supply.

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Improved separation and analysis of glycolipids by Iatroscan thin-layer chromatography–flame ionization detection

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Phospholipids as a component of the oceanic phosphorus cycle

Phospholipids as a component of the oceanic phosphorus cycle

Insights into the life strategy of the common marine diatom Chaetoceros peruvianus Brightwell

Comprehensive review on patulin and Alternaria toxins in fruit and derived products

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